TABLE 3.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) and corresponding significant marker-trait associations [false discovery rate (FDR), α < 0.05] for resistance to WDV in hexaploid wheat accessions detected for the relative traits plant height (WDV_PH), grain yield (WDV_Yield), and thousand kernel weight (WDV_TKW).
| QTL | Peak marker | SNP | Chr. | Pos. (cM) | QTL interval (cM) | MAF | LOD | R2 (%) | PIC | Allelic effect |
| WDV_PH_1B1 | Ku_c31363_2165 | A/C | 1B | 31.0 | 29.6–32.5 | 0.198 | 4.4 | 8.8 | 0.267 | 19.0 |
| WDV_PH_1B2 | Excalibur_c12376_ 569 | C/T | 1B | 43.9 | 42.4–45.3 | 0.106 | 4.6 | 9.4 | 0.172 | 28.1 |
| WDV_PH_1B3 | wsnp_Ex_c2117_3976893 | G/T | 1B | 53.5 | 52.0–55.0 | 0.204 | 4.2 | 7.0 | 0.272 | 13.8 |
| WDV_PH_1B4 | Kukri_c26168_423 | A/C | 1B | 60.6 | 59.1–62.1 | 0.106 | 4.6 | 9.4 | 0.172 | 28.1 |
| WDV_PH_1B5 | BS00068182_51 | A/G | 1B | 62.6 | 61.1–64.1 | 0.188 | 3.9 | 7.8 | 0.259 | 21.1 |
| WDV_PH_1B6 | Tdurum_contig60509_ 232 | C/T | 1B | 74.4 | 72.9–75.9 | 0.436 | 4.0 | 8.1 | 0.371 | 5.5 |
| WDV_PH_1D1 | Ra_c11906_1441 | A/G | 1D | 107.1 | 105.6–108.5 | 0.174 | 4.4 | 8.9 | 0.246 | 31.1 |
| WDV_PH_2B1 | BS00009882_51 | A/G | 2B | 134.5 | 133.0–135.9 | 0.256 | 4.1 | 8.3 | 0.308 | 14.6 |
| WDV_PH_3A1 | Excalibur_c48047_90 | A/G | 3A | 101.0 | 99.5–102.5 | 0.246 | 5.8 | 11.9 | 0.302 | 20.2 |
| WDV_PH_3B1 | Excalibur_c9001_569 | A/G | 3B | 65.7 | 64.2–67.2 | 0.384 | 4.4 | 8.9 | 0.361 | 26.4 |
| WDV_PH_3B2 | wsnp_Ex_c2609_4852360 | C/T | 3B | 73.3 | 71.8–74.7 | 0.300 | 4.7 | 9.5 | 0.332 | 14.1 |
| WDV_PH_3B3 | IAAV3519 | A/G | 3B | 79.9 | 78.5–81.4 | 0.238 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 0.297 | 24.2 |
| WDV_PH_3B4 | BobWhite_c24364_73 | G/T | 3B | 85.5 | 84.0–87.0 | 0.174 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 0.246 | 23.6 |
| WDV_PH_4A1 | RAC875_rep_c117027_ 577 | G/T | 4A | 147.2 | 145.7–148.6 | 0.412 | 3.9 | 8.0 | 0.367 | 2.0 |
| WDV_PH_4A2 | Excalibur_rep_c69170_ 425 | G/T | 4A | 151.2 | 149.7–152.6 | 0.344 | 4.8 | 9.8 | 0.349 | 10.3 |
| WDV_PH_4A3 | BobWhite_c25163_178 | A/G | 4A | 153.0 | 151.5–154.5 | 0.460 | 5.0 | 10.3 | 0.373 | 11.9 |
| WDV_PH_4B1 | wsnp_BE638137B_Ta_ 2_2 | C/T | 4B | 114.9 | 113.4–116.4 | 0.328 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 0.344 | 15.7 |
| WDV_PH_5A1 | Kukri_c3338_271 | C/T | 5A | 46.1 | 44.6–47.5 | 0.416 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 0.368 | 16.4 |
| WDV_PH_5A2 | BS00076190_51 | A/G | 5A | 50.6 | 49.1–52.1 | 0.346 | 4.0 | 8.1 | 0.350 | 11.8 |
| WDV_PH_5A3 | Excalibur_c8030_2139 | G/T | 5A | 84.1 | 82.6–85.6 | 0.492 | 4.1 | 8.2 | 0.375 | 6.2 |
| WDV_PH_5A4 | RAC875_c26353_719 | A/G | 5A | 91.7 | 90.2–93.2 | 0.334 | 5.7 | 11.6 | 0.346 | 13.3 |
| WDV_PH_6A1 | RAC875_rep_c105861_ 454 | C/T | 6A | 136.7 | 135.2–138.1 | 0.236 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 0.296 | 16.2 |
| WDV_PH_7A1 | Tdurum_contig49186_ 437 | A/G | 7A | 65.3 | 63.8–66.8 | 0.314 | 4.4 | 8.8 | 0.338 | 9.2 |
| WDV_PH_7A2 | Excalibur_rep_c68955_ 286 | A/G | 7A | 74.2 | 72.7–75.7 | 0.152 | 4.1 | 8.4 | 0.225 | 32.4 |
| WDV_PH_7A3 | wsnp_Ex_c5839_ 10246915 | C/T | 7A | 212.7 | 211.2–214.1 | 0.496 | 3.9 | 7.8 | 0.375 | 11.8 |
| WDV_PH_7B1 | RAC875_c906_657 | C/T | 7B | 167.6 | 166.1–169.0 | 0.408 | 4.7 | 8.1 | 0.366 | 11.7 |
| WDV_Yield_1B1 | Excalibur_c12376_569 | C/T | 1B | 43.9 | 42.4–45.3 | 0.106 | 8.7 | 18.3 | 0.172 | 22.3 |
| WDV_Yield_1B2 | wsnp_Ex_c2117_3976893 | G/T | 1B | 53.5 | 52.0–55.0 | 0.204 | 4.9 | 8.3 | 0.272 | 10.5 |
| WDV_Yield_1B3 | Kukri_c26168_423 | A/C | 1B | 60.6 | 59.1–62.1 | 0.106 | 8.7 | 18.3 | 0.172 | 22.3 |
| WDV_Yield_1B4 | Tdurum_contig44861_ 1253 | A/C | 1B | 62.6 | 61.1–64.1 | 0.176 | 4.4 | 7.4 | 0.248 | 10.1 |
| WDV_Yield_2B1 | BS00071690_51 | A/G | 2B | 82.0 | 80.5–83.4 | 0.158 | 5.0 | 10.1 | 0.231 | 20.0 |
| WDV_Yield_2B2 | RAC875_rep_c83950_ 222 | C/T | 2B | 144.1 | 142.7–145.6 | 0.410 | 7.6 | 15.9 | 0.367 | 27.5 |
| WDV_Yield_3A1 | Excalibur_c48047_90 | A/G | 3A | 101.0 | 99.5–102.5 | 0.246 | 6.0 | 15.9 | 0.302 | 12.6 |
| WDV_TKW_5A1 | BS00094342_51 | G/T | 5A | 60.8 | 59.3–62.3 | 0.312 | 5.4 | 11.2 | 0.337 | 17.9 |
| WDV_TKW_5A2 | IAAV5294 | C/T | 5A | 62.7 | 61.2–64.2 | 0.222 | 4.5 | 9.3 | 0.286 | 1.8 |
Chr., chromosome; Pos., position in cM; QTL interval according to LD = 2.972 (+/−1.486 cM); MAF, minor allele frequency of each marker; LOD, −log10 (P-value); R2, phenotypic variance explained by marker in percentage; PIC, polymorphism information content.
QTLs highlighted in bold have been validated by analysis of biparental populations.
Peak markers highlighted in bold have been found in QTL for both traits, WDV_PH and WDV_Yield.
In the column “SNP,” the favorable allele is marked in bold.