Results from 4 separate multilevel generalized mixed-effect modeling. A, Results for multilevel social determinants of health (SDoH) and perceived stress. B, Results for multilevel SDoH and National Institutes of Health (NIH)–Toolbox sadness. C, Results for multilevel SDoH and COVID-19 pandemic–related worry. D, Results for multilevel SDoH and NIH-Toolbox positive affect. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. The other/multiracial subcategory was defined when primary caregivers did not identify a specific racial and ethnic group, and primary caregivers were allowed to choose multiple racial subgroups for children.
aP < .001.
bP < .05.
cP < .01.