. 2022 Apr 13;9(2):e26990. doi: 10.2196/26990

Table 4.

Changes in the cases’ affected upper extremity impairments, function, and independence in activities of daily living over 3 weeks of training with the BrightArm Compact system^a.

Outcomes			Case 1							Case 2
			Before the training		After the training		Difference		Before the training			After the training		Difference
Upper extremity motor impairments
	Shoulder strength (anterior deltoid; N^b)	4.4		11.1		6.7		8.9			20.0		11.1
	Shoulder strength (lateral deltoid; N)	0		6.7		6.7		6.7			13.3		6.6
	Grasp strength (N)	194		247		53 (61)^c,d		96			111		15 (49)^c,d
	Three-finger pinch strength (N)	36		47		11		12			14		2
	Shoulder flexion (°)	100		117		17		118			139		21
	Shoulder extension (°)	N/A^e		N/A		N/A		22			24		2
	Shoulder abduction (°)	92		118		26		110			121		11
	Shoulder adduction (°)	20		33		13		41			50		9
	Elbow flexion (°)	120		131		11		127			141		14
	Elbow extension (°)	–20		–10		10		0			0		0
	Elbow pronation (°)	45		70		25		63			90		27
	Elbow supination (°)	40		70		30		57			90		33
	Thumb MCP^f flexion (°)	80		84		4		90			90		0
	Index finger MCP flexion (°)	78		82		4		90			90		0
	Middle finger MCP flexion (°)	85		85		0		90			90		0
	Ring finger MCP flexion (°)	80		87		7		90			90		0
	Little finger MCP (°)	78		78		0		90			90		0
Upper extremity motor function
	Fugl-Meyer upper extremity score (maximum 66; higher is better)	45		55		11 (9 to 10)^d		52			62		10 (9 to 10)^d
	Jebsen Test of Hand Function total completion time (seconds; less is better)	147		126		–21 (–20.8)^d		82			57		–25 (–20.8)^d
	Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory score (maximum 63; higher is better), bimanual	40		51		11 (6.3)^d		44			58		14 (6.3)^d
	Upper Extremity Functional Index 20	32		51		19 (8)^d		57			80		23 (8)^d

^aReprinted by permission of Bright Cloud International.

^bN: newton.

^cDifferent minimal clinically important difference values for grasp strength reflect arm dominance versus arm affected. A 0° angle value indicates full extension to a straight arm (for elbow) and a straight hand for finger metacarpophalangeal joints.

^dMinimal clinically important difference for that measure.

^eN/A: not applicable.

^fMCP: metacarpophalangeal joint