Table 1.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics in Hospitalized Elderly CAP Patients with or without CVEs (n=2941)
| With CVEs (n=402) | Without CVEs (n=2539) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 81 (76–86) | 77 (71–82) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 207 (51.5) | 1392 (54.8) | 0.216 |
| Aspiration | 86 (21.4) | 223 (8.8) | <0.001 |
| Long-term bedridden status | 68 (16.9) | 187 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Underlying conditions | 393 (97.8) | 2263 (89.1) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 331 (82.3) | 1511 (59.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 255 (63.4) | 1196 (47.1) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 208 (51.7) | 742 (29.2) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 84 (20.9) | 110 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 112 (27.9) | 714 (28.1) | 0.952 |
| COPD | 84 (20.9) | 467 (18.4) | 0.242 |
| Bronchiectasis | 24 (6.0) | 261 (10.3) | 0.006 |
| Asthma | 18 (4.5) | 135 (5.3) | 0.547 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 19 (4.7) | 69 (2.7) | 0.039 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 144 (35.8) | 619 (24.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 107 (26.6) | 510 (20.1) | 0.004 |
| Chronic renal disease | 40 (10.0) | 106 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 13 (3.2) | 42 (1.7) | 0.044 |
| Chronic liver disease | 3 (0.7) | 32 (1.3) | 0.618 |
| Current smoking | 62 (15.4) | 373 (14.7) | 0.705 |
| Alcohol abuse | 19 (4.7) | 152 (6.0) | 0.360 |
| Statins before admission | 56 (13.9) | 212 (8.3) | 0.001 |
| History of CAP within 1 year | 72 (17.9) | 179 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| HCAP | 109 (27.1) | 380 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| Numbers of comorbidities | 2.7±1.5 | 1.9±1.2 | <0.001 |
| Severity on hospital admission | |||
| CURB-65a | 2.0±0.9 | 1.5±0.7 | <0.001 |
| PSIb | 112.1±30.4 | 89.7±23.5 | <0.001 |
| Use of glucocorticoids | 78 (19.4) | 277 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Clinical stability before discharge | 218 (54.2) | 2306 (90.8) | <0.001 |
| Adherent antibiotic regimens | 116 (28.9) | 1003 (39.5) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 109 (27.1) | 133 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Clinical failure | 168 (41.8) | 209 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 109 (27.1) | 51 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| 30-day mortality | 122 (30.3) | 86 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 12 (8–19) | 11 (8–15) | 0.019 |
| Total cost (RMB, median) | 20,315.5 (12,043.5–37,784.4) | 12,207.1 (8217.5–19,424.9) | <0.001 |
Notes: aThe total number of patients with a complete data of CURB-65 score. n=2821. bThe total number of patients with a complete data of PSI score. n=1637.
Abbreviations: CAP, community acquired pneumonia; CVEs, cardiovascular events; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HCAP, healthcare-associated pneumonia; PSI, pneumonia severity index; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; RMB, RenMinBi.