Table 4.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Year | Study design | Duration | Country | Total cancer patients (n) | Males (n) | Mean age (years) | Incident AF (n) | Cancer type | Mortality attestation | Major causes of death | Surgery or non-surgery group | Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amar et al. (14) | 2002 | Cohort | 1990–1999 | USA | 527 | 325 | 68 (AF) 62 (non-AF) | 79 | Lung cancer, Esophageal cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Moderate Risk |
| Amioka et al. (15) | 2016 | Cohort | 2009–2013 | Japan | 249 | 121 | 67 | 15 | Hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | Medical record | Primary disease, solid cancer, hepatitis, sepsis | Non-surgery | Low Risk |
| Cardinale et al. (16) | 1999 | Cohort | 1995–1997 | Italy | 233 | 170 | 59.3 | 28 | Lung cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Chin et al. (17) | 2016 | Cohort | 2005–2012 | Korea | 583 | 548 | 67 (AF) 62 (non-AF) | 63 | Esophageal cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Constantin al (18) | 2020 | Cohort | 2008–2017 | Romania | 391 | N/A* | N/A* | 27 | Colorectal cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Imperatori et al. (19) | 2012 | Cohort | 1996–2009 | Italy | 454 | 369 | 65.4 | 45 | Lung cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Ishibashi et al. (20) | 2020 | Cohort | 2010–2019 | Japan | 947 | 626 | 69.2 | 49 | Lung cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Kotova et al. (21) | 2017 | Cohort | 2005–2014 | USA | 933 | 426 | 72 (AF) 65.4 (non-AF) | 113 | Lung cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| McComrack et al. (22) | 2014 | Cohort | 2006–2013 | Ireland | 473 | 344 | 63 | 96 | Esophageal cancer, Junctional cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Murthy et al. (23) | 2003 | Cohort | 1982–2000 | China | 288 | 235 | 66.8 (AF) 67 (non-AF) | 144 | Esophageal cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Ojima et al. (24) | 2020 | RCT* | 2014–2016 | Japan | 57 | 77 | N/A* | 13 | Esophageal cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | High Risk |
| Rao et al. (25) | 2012 | Cohort | 1991–2009 | UK | 997 | 709 | 67 | 209 | Esophageal cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Roselli et al. (26) | 2005 | Cohort | 1998–2002 | USA | 183 | N/A* | N/A* | 91 | Lung cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Moderate Risk |
| Stawicki et al. (27) | 2011 | Cohort | 1996–2007 | USA | 156 | 145 | 63.7 (AF) 59.8 (non-AF) | 32 | Esophageal cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Wang et al. (28) | 2021 | Cohort | 2013–2018 | China | 324 | 291 | 58.4 | 75 | Lung cancer | Medical record | Surgery-related complications | Surgery | Low Risk |
| Ammad Ud Din et al. (29) | 2021 | Cohort | 2009–2018 | USA | 14,530 | 8,569 | 81.80 (AF) 81.76 (non-AF) | 7,265 | chronic lymphocytic leukemia | Medical record | Acute Myocardial Infarction, heart failure, cardiac arrest, stroke | Non-surgery | Low Risk |
| Han et al. (30) | 2021 | Cohort | 2003–2014 | China | 2,478,598 | 1,104,903 | N/A | 216,737 | Various cancers | Medical record | Not specified | Non-surgery | Low Risk |
| Zubair Khan et al. (31) | 2021 | Cohort | 2005–2015 | USA | 46,030,380 | 7,673,063 | N/A | 6,731,310 | Various cancers | Medical record | Not specified | Non-surgery | Low Risk |
N/A*, Not available; RCT*, Randomized Controlled Trial.