Comparison between the developed sensor and similar methods applied for CIP determination.

Probe	Transducer	Method	Sensitivity	LOD [μM]	Sample	Reference
Anti-ciprofloxacin IgG	SPCE	EIS	51.30 Ω A mol−1 L	7.5 × 10−6	Wastewater samples	Proposed
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)	Magnetic carbon nanotubes	CVb and differential pulse voltammetry	0.0228 Aa mol L−1	0.0017	Human serum, human urine and tablets	64
MIP	Micromechanical cantilever	Dynamic optical sensing	2.60 pg Hz−1	0.80	Water resources	65
Custom transducer	Gold nanoparticles and chitosan	CVb	—	0.0010	Biological samples	66
Multiwalled carbon nanotube, β-cyclodextrin and polyaniline	Glassy carbon	CVb	0.257 Aa mol L−1	0.050	Water samples	67
DNA	Graphene/SPCE	Square-wave voltammetry	0.136 A mol L−1	0.10	Human serum, human urine	68
Spinel structured Ba0.5Co0.5Fe2O	Glassy carbon	CVb	0.0102 Aa mol L−1	0.0058	Pharmaceutical formulations	69

^aAmpere.

^bCyclic voltammetry.