TABLE 2.
Basic information of the included studies.
| Study | Duartion | Total Patients (Pediatric Patients) | VV/VA-ECMO | Indication of ECMO (Number of patients) | Heparin bolus | Bivalirudin group | Heparin group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dose | Number (Pediatric Patients) | Dose | Number (Pediatric Patients) | ||||||
| Ranucci2011 | January 2008-April 2011 | 21 (9) | NR | Postcardiotomy ECMO procedure (21) | 100U/kg | 0.03–0.05 mg/kg/h | 13 (4) | 5–10 U/kg/h | 8 (5) |
| Pieri2012 | January 2008-March 2011 | 20 (0) | 10/10 | NR | NR | 0.025 mg/kg/h | 10 (0) | 3 U/kg/h | 10 (0) |
| Ljajikj2017 | March 2012-March 2016 |
57 (0) | NR | Left ventricular assist device implantation(57) | 10 000 U | APTT>160s: 0.25 mg/kg/h | 21 (0) | NR | 36 (0) |
| APTT<160s: 0.5 mg/kg/h | |||||||||
| Berei2018 | January 2012 -September 2015 | 72 (0) | 6/66 | Cardiogenic shock (51) | 80U/kg | 0.04 mg/kg/h | 44 (0) | 8–12 U/kg/h | 28 (0) |
| Septic shock (11) | |||||||||
| Respiratory shock (4) | |||||||||
| Mixed shock (6) | |||||||||
| Macielak2019 | January 2012 -June 2017 | 110 (0) | NR | Emergency salvafe (61) | 50–100U/kg | 0.01–0.1 mg/kg/h | 10 (0) | 12 U/kg/h | 100 (0) |
| Cardiogenic shock (46) | |||||||||
| ARDS (29) | |||||||||
| Respiratory insufficiency (29) | |||||||||
| Failed to wean from CRB(23) | |||||||||
| Others (12) | |||||||||
| Brown2020 | March 2014-January 2018 | 15 (0) | 7/5(3 peripheral RVAD) | NR | 80U/kg | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hamzah2020 | October 2014-May 2018 |
32 (32) | 3/29 | Heart transplantation (32) | 50–100U/kg | Ccr>60 ml/min: 0.3 mg/kg/h renal impairment: 0.15 mg/kg/h | 16 (16) | open chest:10U/kg/h <12M:18U/kg/h 1Y-12Y:16U/kg/h >12Y:14U/kg/h |
16 (16) |
| Kaseer2020 | January 2013-September 2018 | 52 (0) | 24/28 | Cardiogenic shock (13) | NR | 0.1 mg/kg/h | 19 (0) | 10.4 U/kg/h | 33 (0) |
| Respiratory failure (13) | |||||||||
| Heart and/or lung transplant (9) | |||||||||
| Others (1) | |||||||||
| Schill2021 | June 2018-December 2019 | 48 (0)* | 16/32* | Postcardiotomy shock (16)* | 50–100U/kg | Typical: 0.15 mg/kg/h | 14 (0)* | 20 U/kg/h or 28 U/kg/h | 34 (0)* |
| Respiratory failure (17)* | Ccr<30 ml/min: 0.075 mg/kg/h | ||||||||
| Cardiogenic shock (15)* | Receiving CRRT: 0.1 mg/kg/h | ||||||||
| Seelhammer2021 | January 2014-October 2019 | 422 (89) | 64/358 | Post cardiotomy (162) | 1000U/kg | NR | 134 (24) | NR | 288 (65) |
| Cardiac (100) | |||||||||
| Respiratory (86) | |||||||||
| Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary | |||||||||
| Resuscitation (69) | |||||||||
| Post transplant (5) | |||||||||
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; VV-ECMO, Venovenous ECMO; VA-ECMO, Venoarterial ECMO; NR, Not reported; RVAD, right ventricular assist device. *runs.