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. 2022 Apr 14;13:771563. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.771563

TABLE 2.

Basic information of the included studies.

Study Duartion Total Patients (Pediatric Patients) VV/VA-ECMO Indication of ECMO (Number of patients) Heparin bolus Bivalirudin group Heparin group
Dose Number (Pediatric Patients) Dose Number (Pediatric Patients)
Ranucci2011 January 2008-April 2011 21 (9) NR Postcardiotomy ECMO procedure (21) 100U/kg 0.03–0.05 mg/kg/h 13 (4) 5–10 U/kg/h 8 (5)
Pieri2012 January 2008-March 2011 20 (0) 10/10 NR NR 0.025 mg/kg/h 10 (0) 3 U/kg/h 10 (0)
Ljajikj2017 March
2012-March 2016
57 (0) NR Left ventricular assist device implantation(57) 10 000 U APTT>160s: 0.25 mg/kg/h 21 (0) NR 36 (0)
APTT<160s: 0.5 mg/kg/h
Berei2018 January 2012 -September 2015 72 (0) 6/66 Cardiogenic shock (51) 80U/kg 0.04 mg/kg/h 44 (0) 8–12 U/kg/h 28 (0)
Septic shock (11)
Respiratory shock (4)
Mixed shock (6)
Macielak2019 January 2012 -June 2017 110 (0) NR Emergency salvafe (61) 50–100U/kg 0.01–0.1 mg/kg/h 10 (0) 12 U/kg/h 100 (0)
Cardiogenic shock (46)
ARDS (29)
Respiratory insufficiency (29)
Failed to wean from CRB(23)
Others (12)
Brown2020 March 2014-January 2018 15 (0) 7/5(3 peripheral RVAD) NR 80U/kg NR NR NR NR
Hamzah2020 October
2014-May 2018
32 (32) 3/29 Heart transplantation (32) 50–100U/kg Ccr>60 ml/min: 0.3 mg/kg/h renal impairment: 0.15 mg/kg/h 16 (16) open chest:10U/kg/h
<12M:18U/kg/h
1Y-12Y:16U/kg/h
>12Y:14U/kg/h
16 (16)
Kaseer2020 January 2013-September 2018 52 (0) 24/28 Cardiogenic shock (13) NR 0.1 mg/kg/h 19 (0) 10.4 U/kg/h 33 (0)
Respiratory failure (13)
Heart and/or lung transplant (9)
Others (1)
Schill2021 June 2018-December 2019 48 (0)* 16/32* Postcardiotomy shock (16)* 50–100U/kg Typical: 0.15 mg/kg/h 14 (0)* 20 U/kg/h or 28 U/kg/h 34 (0)*
Respiratory failure (17)* Ccr<30 ml/min: 0.075 mg/kg/h
Cardiogenic shock (15)* Receiving CRRT: 0.1 mg/kg/h
Seelhammer2021 January 2014-October 2019 422 (89) 64/358 Post cardiotomy (162) 1000U/kg NR 134 (24) NR 288 (65)
Cardiac (100)
Respiratory (86)
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (69)
Post transplant (5)

ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; VV-ECMO, Venovenous ECMO; VA-ECMO, Venoarterial ECMO; NR, Not reported; RVAD, right ventricular assist device. *runs.