Figure 1.

TNF/TNFR2 participates in various processes of tumor development by regulating different signaling pathways in the tumor and tumor microenvironment. TRAF2 and TRAF2-related proteins, such as TRAF1 and cIAP1/2, are recruited to activate TNFR2. Then, TNFR2 activates NF-κ B, STAT5, YAP, and other transcription factors through different pathways to induce the transcription of its target genes, thereby inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis and promoting the development of tumor cells. TNFR2 also participates in various changes in the tumor microenvironment through signal transduction such as JUNK, MLCK, and EGFR2. P, Phosphorylation.