Table 1.

TNFR2-mediated signaling and TNFR2 function in immune cells.

	TNFR2 function	Signaling via TNFR2	Ref.
Effector T-cells	Co-stimulation and cell death induction	Elicit activation-induced cell death; upregulates the expression of the inhibitory receptor Tim3	(42)
Regulatory T-cells	Proliferation, suppressive activity, stability	Enhance cell proliferation and stability through signaling pathways such as IKK/NF-κB, mTOR, and MAPK	(19, 56, 78)
MDSCs	Cell survival, suppressive activity, recruitment	Upregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and inhibition of caspase-8 activity	(79)
Regulatory B-cells	Suppressive activity	Characterizes TLR9-driven formation of IL-10-producing B cells	(80)
Macrophages	Production of pro-inflammatory factors	Enhance activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways	(25)
NK cells	Suppressive activity	Activating the BIRC3/TRAF1 signaling pathway	(24)
MSCs	Proliferation, functional properties, immunosuppressive activity	Promotes the expression of immunosuppressive proteins on MSCs	(81, 82)
EPCs	Survival, differentiation, and immunosuppressive activity	Increases the expression of pro-angiogenic mediators such as VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, and IL-8; production of different anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10, TGFβ, and HLA-G.	(83)