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. 2022 Apr 14;10:880544. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.880544

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Probiotic therapy to overcome adverse effects NDDs at developmental time points. Probiotic treatment at specific time points such as in-utero, after immediate birth, infancy and childhood may help and support the establishment of stable and healthy gut microbiota, prevent the dysregulation in the developmental process, and play the role of a crucial preventive measure for the onset of neurodevelopmental and psychotic disorders via neutralizing the effects of inducing factors.