TABLE 1.
Gut microbes and Level of cytokines in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Increased abundance | Decreased abundance | |
| Gut microbiota | Candida sp. Iovene et al. (2017) | Bacteroidetes Finegold et al. (2010); Kang et al. (2013) |
| Clostridium histolyticum, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Clostridium sp. Finegold et al. (2002); Parracho et al. (2005); de Angelis et al. (2013) | Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcaeceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Eubacteriaceae de Angelis et al. (2013) | |
| Clostridium tetani Bolte (1998); Hsiao et al. (2013) | Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae Bezawada et al. (2020); Zhang et al. (2018) | |
| Clostridium bartlettii Shattock and Whiteley, (2002) | Alistipes, Dialister, Parabacteroides Strati et al. (2017) | |
| Desulfotomaculum guttoideum Finegold et al. (2012a); Tomova et al. (2015) | Streptococcus, Veillonella, Escherichia Zhang et al. (2018) | |
| Sutterella B. L. Williams et al. (2012) | Prevotella, Bifidobacterium sp Finegold et al. (2010); Kang et al. (2013) | |
| Fusobacterium, Barnesiella, Coprobacter, Olsenella, Allisonella, Actinomycetaceae, Holdemanella Lacorte et al. (2019) | Romboutsia timonensis Yap et al. (2021) | |
| Firmicutes Finegold et al. (2010); Kang et al. (2013) | ||
| Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae Zhang et al. (2018); Bezawada et al. (2020) | ||
| Genus: Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Sutterella, Lachnospira, Bacillus, Biophila, Lactococcus, Lachnobacterium, Oscillospira, Megamonas, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillum, Megasphera, Mitsuokella Lacorte et al. (2019) | ||
| Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Dorea Strati et al. (2017) | ||
| Cytokines levels | IL-8, TNF-α, IL1β Rodríguez et al. (2017) | Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) IL-2 Ashwood et al. (2011) |
| IL-8, IL-17 Suzuki et al. (2011) | IL-2 Eftekharian et al. (2018); Jácome et al. (2016); Molloy et al. (2006) | |
| IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, TNF-α Ashwood et al. (2011) | ||
| IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-12p40, IL-12p70 Molloy et al. (2006); Jácome et al. (2016); Eftekharian et al. (2018) | ||
| IL-β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, IL-33, TNF-α Prata et al. (2017) | ||
| IL-1RA, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17, GRO-α Suzuki et al. (2011) | ||