TABLE 2.
Gut microbes and level of cytokines in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Increased abundance | Decreased abundance | |
| Gut microbiota | Family: Bacteroidaceae, Neisseriaceae Lacorte et al. (2019) | Family: Alcaligenaceae Jiang et al. (2018) |
| Family: Peptostreptococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Peptococcaceae Jiang et al. (2018) | Bifidobacterium Pärtty et al. (2015) | |
| Genus: Faecalibacterium, Dialister, Lachnoclostridium, Sutterella Prehn-Kristensen et al. (2018) | Bacillus macerans Clapp et al. (2017) | |
| Genus: Bifidobacterium Hiergeist et al. (2020) | Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus sp., Enterococcus sp Bundgaard-Nielsen et al. (2020) | |
| Alistipe, Oscillibacter Frémont et al. (2013); Naseribafrouei et al. (2014) | Bacteroidales Frémont et al. (2013); Naseribafrouei et al. (2014) | |
| Cytokines levels | TNF-α Oades et al. (2010); Anand et al. (2017) | IL-4, IL-2, INF-γ Anand et al. (2017); Oades et al. (2010) |
| IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, IL-16 Oades et al. (2010) | IL-1β Oades et al. (2010) | |
| IL-13, IL-16 Oades et al. (2010) | IL-2 Oades et al. (2010) | |
| IL-6, IFN-γ Oades et al. (2011) | TNF-α (Oades 2011) | |
| IL-6, IL-8, TNF-RI O’Shea et al. (2014) | ||