TABLE 3.
Gut microbes and Level of cytokines in Schizophrenia (SCZ).
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | Schizophrenia (SCZ) | |
|---|---|---|
| Increased abundance | Decreased abundance | |
| Gut microbiota | Phylum: Proteobacteria Genera: Succinivibrio, Megasphaera, Collinsella, Clostridium, Klebsiella, and Methanobrevibacter Shen et al. (2018) | Coprococcus, Roseburia, Blautia Shen et al. (2018) |
| Phylum: Proteobacteria, Family: Rumimococcaceae, Genus: Haemophilus, Sutterella, Clostridium Nguyen et al. (2018) | ||
| Anaerococcus, Bacteroids Nguyen et al. (2018) | ||
| Veillonella atypica, Veillonella dispar, Bifidobacterium dentium, Dialister invisus, Lactobacillus oris, Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus faecium, Alkaliphilus oremlandii, and Cronobacter sakazakii/turicensis Zhu et al., (2020a) | Bifidobacterium, E. coli, and Lactobacillus Cuomo et al. (2018) | |
| Bifidobacterium longum Katz-Barber et al. (2020) | ||
| Rhodocyclales, Enterococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Rhodocyclaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Enterococcus Xu et al. (2019) | ||
| Taxa: Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Veillonellaceae Schwarz et al. (2018); Zheng et al. (2019) | Family: Erysipelotrichaceae, genus: Allobaculum Gubert et al. (2020) | |
| Clostridiales, Lactobacillales, Bacteroidales de Angelis et al. (2013); Shen et al. (2018) | ||
| Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides plebeius, Veillonella parvula, Clostridium symbiosum, Eubacterium siraeum, Cronobacter sakazakii/turicensis, S. vestibularis, Alkaliphilus oremlandii, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis (Zhu et al., 2020a) | ||
| Deltaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Actinomycetales, Sphingomonadaceae, Megasphaera, Eggerthella and, Megasphaera elsdeniis, Clostridium perfringens, Akkermansia, muciniphila, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Xu et al. (2019) | ||
| Acidaminococcus, Akkermansia, Alistipes, Citrobacter, Dialister, Veillonella Zheng et al. (2019) | ||
| Cytokines levels | C4A Stevens et al. (2007); Schafer et al. (2012); S.; Hong et al. (2016); Comer et al. (2020) | IL-1β, IL-10 Delaney et al. (2019); Park and Miller, (2020); Perkins et al. (2015) |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) Prins et al. (2016); Ligthart et al. (2018) | IL-17 Zeni-Graiff et al. (2016) | |
| sIL-2R Rapaport et al. (1993); Gaughran et al. (2002); Martínez-Gras et al. (2012) | ||
| Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 1 (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-β, and TGF-β, CRP mRNA X. Li et al. (2015); Paul-Samojedny et al. (2011); Katila et al. (1999); Sasayama et al. (2011); Kalmady et al. (2014); Frydecka et al. (2015); Gao et al. (2014); Kroken et al. (2019) | ||
| IL-8 Ellman et al. (2010) | ||
| IL-1b Meisenzahl et al. (2001) | ||
| IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 Wu et al. (2019) | ||
| CRP, IL-6, IL-4, IL-12 Perkins et al. (2015); Delaney et al. (2019); Park and Miller (2020) | ||
| IL12/IL23p40 Föcking et al. (2016) | ||
| IFN-γ and IL-12, IL-1β and IL-10 Goldsmith et al. (2016); Lesh et al. (2018) | ||
| (IFN-γ), IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, sIL-2R, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and TNF-α Goldsmith et al. (2016) | ||
| IL-1 b, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-a Upthegrove et al. (2014) | ||
| IL-6, IL-1ß, CD14, and TNF-a Calderón-Garcidueñas et al. (2008); Calderón-Garcidueñas et al. (2015); Gruzieva et al. (2017) | ||