Table 1.
Baseline maternal characteristics by study intervention and Hb concentrations*
(Number of participants and percentages)
| Hb (≤132 g/l) |
Hb (133–145 g/l) |
Hb (>145 g/l) |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FA (n 4801) |
IFA (n 4859) |
MMN (n 4801) |
FA (n 931) |
IFA (n 872) |
MMN (n 904) |
FA (n 160) |
IFA (n 178) |
MMN (n 199) |
||||||||||
| Characteristics | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 23·6 | 23·7 | 23·6 | 23·6 | 23·6 | 23·5 | 23·3 | 23·2 | 23·4 | |||||||||
| SD | 2·8 | 2·9 | 2·8 | 3·1 | 2·7 | 2·7 | 2·9 | 2·7 | 2·9 | |||||||||
| Han ethnicity | 4736 | 98·6 | 4804 | 98·9 | 4747 | 98·9 | 923 | 99·1 | 865 | 99·2 | 891 | 98·6 | 158 | 98·8 | 176 | 98·9 | 198 | 99·5 |
| Farmer | 4348 | 90·6 | 4442 | 91·4 | 4380 | 91·2 | 856 | 91·9 | 779 | 89·3 | 813 | 89·9 | 144 | 90·0 | 161 | 90·4 | 180 | 90·5 |
| Primary education or less BMI (kg/m2) | 67 | 1·4 | 81 | 1·7 | 64 | 1·3 | 18 | 1·9 | 16 | 1·8 | 22 | 2·4 | 4 | 2·5 | 5 | 2·8 | 4 | 2·0 |
| Mean | 22·2 | 22·2 | 22·2 | 22·6 | 22·6 | 22·7 | 22·8 | 23·0 | 22·5 | |||||||||
| SD | 2·8 | 2·7 | 2·8 | 3·0 | 3·3 | 3·2 | 3·6 | 3·6 | 3·3 | |||||||||
| Gestational week at enrolment | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 12·4 | 12·5 | 12·4 | 10·8 | 10·8 | 11·0 | 10·0 | 9·4 | 9·8 | |||||||||
| SD | 4·6 | 4·5 | 4·6 | 4·2 | 4·2 | 4·4 | 4·0 | 3·6 | 3·9 | |||||||||
| Gestational week at delivery | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 39·6 | 39·6 | 39·6 | 39·7 | 39·6 | 39·7 | 39·8 | 39·7 | 39·9 | |||||||||
| SD | 1·7 | 1·8 | 1·7 | 1·6 | 1·6 | 1·4 | 2·1 | 1·4 | 1·7 | |||||||||
| Hb (g/l) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 121·0 | 121·8 | 121·1 | 137·5 | 137·4 | 137·4 | 151·0 | 150·8 | 150·8 | |||||||||
| SD | 7·3 | 7·4 | 7·1 | 3·5 | 3·5 | 3·5 | 4·8 | 5·3 | 4·9 | |||||||||
| FA consumption in peri-conceptional period | 1224 25·5 | 1244 25·6 | 1220 25·4 | 312 33·5 | 293 33·6 | 307 34·0 | 44 27·5 | 48 27·0 | 62 31·2 | |||||||||
| Preterm birth | 296 | 6·2 | 287 | 5·9 | 260 | 5·4 | 41 | 4·4 | 45 | 5·2 | 38 | 4·2 | 14 | 8·8 | 8 | 4·5 | 8 | 4·0 |
FA, folic acid; IFA, Fe–FA; MMN, multiple micronutrients.
*
χ2 tests were used to examine statistical differences in categorical variables and ANOVA to examine differences in means. P > 0·05 for all comparisons of characteristics.