Table 3.
Comparison of selected traits by T2D status and EEG.
| Variables@ EEG# |
CH | AG | RE | SI$ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. T2D Individuals | ||||
| Age (years) | 57.19 (13.24) | 55.94 (12.50) | 54.23 (14.26) | 53.8 (11.4) |
| Age of T2D onset (years) | 50.41a (11.55) | 47.35a,b (11.59) | 48.16a,b (13.40) | 46.1b (10.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.77 (4.88) | 27.76 (4.66) | 27.10 (5.90) | 27.5 (4.7) |
| WC (cm) | 100.3a (12.84) | 97.93a (11.28) | 98.26a (13.05) | 94.4b (10.9) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 139.7b (20.23) | 133.6c (19.56) | 132.6c (18.72) | 149.82a (23.81) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84.48a,b (12.34) | 85.17a,b (11.42) | 82.68b (10.69) | 86.37a (11.66) |
| FG (mg/dl) | 173.5a (65.97) | 147.2c (31.22) | 149.8b (56.32) | 188.6a (72.1) |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.11a,b (2.242) | 8.10a,b (1.71) | 7.90b (2.046) | 8.8a (2.4) |
| TCHOL (mg/dl) | 185.9a (44.38) | 141.3c (48.98) | 164.2b (45.98) | 181.2a (45.7) |
| TG (mg/dl) | 169.2a,b (108.8) | 144.3b (84.31) | 146.0b (101.9) | 187.9a (106.6) |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 116.6a (37.85) | 82.31c (35.42) | 103.1b (34.57) | 104.2a,b (37.6) |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 47.02a (12.62) | 38.73b (15.78) | 44.56a (14.90) | 39.5b (12.6) |
| B. Non-T2D Individuals | ||||
| Age (years) | 42.31b (15.55) | 36.06c (13.83) | 41.33b (15.19) | 46.2a (14.7) |
| BMI ((kg/m2) | 26.34 (5.422) | 26.28 (4.65) | 26.08 (5.32) | 27.2 (4.7) |
| WC (cm) | 96.82a (13.95) | 90.66b (11.54) | 93.02b (13.54) | 91.7b (11.7) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.1b (16.82) | 120.7c (15.95) | 122.2c (17.27) | 137.71a (23.30) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.99a,b (10.65) | 80.80a,b (9.991) | 79.56b (12.74) | 83.26a (12.15) |
| FG (mg/dl) | 102.2a (11.75) | 101.7a (8.25) | 93.74b (11.15) | 96.2b (10.7) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.49b,c (0.42) | 5.59b (0.430) | 5.44c (0.524) | 6.43a (1.7) |
| FI (IU/ml) | 9.31b (7.21) | 11.53a (11.53) | 7.39c (5.91) | 12.24a (10.41) |
| HOMA-IR | 2.37b (1.93) | 2.93a (3.03) | 1.72c (1.46) | 2.4a,b (2.1) |
| TCHOL (mg/dl) | 177.9a (38.93) | 147.1b (48.07) | 154.9b (40.24) | 175.7a (43.3) |
| TG (mg/dl) | 120.0b (68.04) | 102.8c (54.86) | 111.2b,c (67.31) | 158.9a (78.9) |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 116.0a (31.14) | 89.56c (34.34) | 97.91b (30.02) | 100.1b (33.8) |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 47.18a (12.09) | 41.61c (16.01) | 44.25b (10.75) | 41.0c (10.9) |
#EEG, Endogamous ethnic group; $SI/AIDHS/SDS, Sikh EEG representing the Asian Indian Diabetic Heart Study/Sikh Diabetes Study (data were previously collected and used here for the purpose of comparison; please see text for references); N, 1,260; Families, 324 (families were ascertained on multiple siblings with T2D), Average family size, 6.7; Family size range, 2-59; Females (%), 38.5%; T2D (%), 74.7; @T2D, Type 2 diabetes; non-T2D, nondiabetics; BMI, Body Mass Index; WC, Waist circumference; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; FG, Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; FI, Fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; TCHOL, Total cholesterol; TG, Triglycerides; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol. All variables are expressed as mean (standard deviation) and group differences are tested using Analysis of variance - superscript letters a, b, and c refer to homogenous groups identified by Bonferroni’s post hoc contrast (P < 0.001) and similarities are denoted by sharing the same letter. P-values are not corrected for non-independence. Please see text for trait definitions. Values of FI and HOMA-IR for individuals with T2D are not shown in the table given the potential impact of medication on their concentrations. However, HbA1c and FG values for diabetics are shown for depicting the glycemic status and profile comparisons across the EEGs, respectively. Please note that the variables reported in the table were not adjusted for any medication influences.