The reducing rate of AA-I in processed AA-containing TCMsa.
| Herb | Species | Excipient | Proportion | Processing method | Time | Reducing rate of AA-I in decoction | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xi Xin | Asarum | Yellow rice wine | 1 : 0.2 | Soaking | Until dry | 17.4% | Liu42 |
| Vinegar | 1 : 0.3 | Soaking | 2.89% | ||||
| Ginger juice | 1 : 0.1 | Soaking | 5.53% | ||||
| Honey | 1 : 0.24 | Soaking | 13.06% | ||||
| 0.1 mol L−1 NaHCO3 | Abundant excipient | Soaking | 3 d | 57.12% | |||
| Ma Dou Ling | Aristolochia | Honey | 1 : 0.25 | Stirring | 15 min | 26.4–29.2% | Liang et al.20 |
| 1 : 0.3 | Ultrasonic treatment | 1 h | 16.9–51.7% (AAAs), 32.7% (AA-I) | Li et al.45 | |||
| Abundant excipient | Stirring | 25 min | 40–50% | Zhang et al.43 | |||
| CAM | 0.1 mol L−1 NaHCO3 | 1 : 10 | Soaking | 5 d | 93.60% | Wang and Zhang45 | |
| Coptis | 1 : 1 | Plenty | 74.10% | Wu et al.40 | |||
| Poria cocos | 23.39% | ||||||
| Cortex Moutan | Boiling | 19.20% | Wang and Deng65 | ||||
| Ultrasonic treatment | 50 min | 75.19% | Zhu66 | ||||
| Glycyrrhiza juice | Boiling | 2 h | 36.10% | Lu and Pan49 | |||
| NaHCO3 | 46.40% | ||||||
| Daochi powder with Coptis chinensis | 85.52% | ||||||
| Frutus Gardeniae | 1 : 1 | 57.49% | |||||
| Poria cocos | 23.39% | ||||||
| Coptis chinensis | 1 : 1.5 | Ultrasonic treatment | 30 min | 75.85% | Ma et al.67 | ||
| 0.1 mol L−1 NaHCO3 | 1 : 10 | Soaking | 3 d | 84.70% | Lu and Pan49 | ||
| Longdanxiegan decoction | Boiling | 50 min | 48.47% | Xu and Xie60 | |||
| Ethanol | 1 : 2 | SFE | 12 h | 81.30%, 81.20% (AA-II) | Liang et al.20 | ||
| FA | 65.20%, 59.10% (AA-II) | ||||||
| RA | Methanol | 1 : 20 | PLE | Rapid | 1080 mg kg−1 | Ong13 | |
| 1 : 20 | Ultrasonic | 30 min | 1018 mg kg−1 | ||||
| 1 : 100 | Soxhlet extraction | 7–8 h | 937 mg kg−1 |
a
CAM: Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis; FA: Fructus Aristolochiae; RA: Radix Aristolochiae.