Table 3.
Hazard ratios of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality according to different levels of serum calcium and phosphorus among patients with coronary heart disease
| Variable | No. of death | Person-years | Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||||
| Total | CVD | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | ||
| Calcium by quartile | |||||||||
| 1 (<2.18 mmol/L) | 125 | 88 | 3850 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (2.18–2.27 mmol/L) | 82 | 58 | 4075 | 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | 0.72 (0.54–0.96) | 0.72 (0.54–0.96) | 0.70 (0.50–0.97) | 0.75 (0.53–1.05) | 0.75 (0.53–1.06) |
| 3 (2.28–2.36 mmol/L) | 39 | 18 | 3801 | 0.39 (0.27–0.56) | 0.46 (0.32–0.67) | 0.47 (0.32–0.68) | 0.26 (0.16–0.44) | 0.32 (0.19–0.54) | 0.32 (0.19–0.54) |
| 4 (≥2.37 mmol/L) | 49 | 29 | 3919 | 0.51 (0.36–0.71) | 0.57 (0.40–0.82) | 0.57 (0.40–0.81) | 0.44 (0.29–0.67) | 0.50 (0.32–0.79) | 0.50 (0.32–0.79) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| 1 mmol/L increase in calcium (continuous variable) | 295 | 193 | 15,645 | 0.22 (0.13–0.37) | 0.27 (0.14–0.51) | 0.33 (0.18–0.61) | 0.19 (0.10–0.36) | 0.26 (0.12–0.54) | 0.30 (0.14–0.64) |
| Phosphorus by quartile | |||||||||
| 1 (≤1.01 mmol/L) | 71 | 52 | 3951 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (1.02–1.15 mmol/L) | 74 | 46 | 3903 | 1.10 (0.79–1.52) | 1.28 (0.92–1.78) | 1.29 (0.93–1.80) | 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | 1.07 (0.71–1.61) | 1.08 (0.72–1.62) |
| 3 (1.16–1.29 mmol/L) | 72 | 48 | 3874 | 1.22 (0.87–1.70) | 1.41 (1.00–1.98) | 1.49 (1.06–2.10) | 1.15 (0.77–1.72) | 1.35 (0.90–2.03) | 1.45 (0.96–2.19) |
| 4 (>1.29 mmol/L) | 78 | 47 | 3916 | 1.59 (1.14–2.22) | 1.86 (1.32–2.63) | 1.86 (1.32–2.63) | 1.40 (0.93–2.10) | 1.62 (1.06–2.48) | 1.63 (1.07–2.48) |
| Ptrend | 0.006 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.091 | 0.018 | 0.013 | |||
| 1 mmol/L increase in phosphorus (continuous variable) | 295 | 193 | 15,645 | 2.65 (1.75–4.00) | 2.56 (1.75–3.74) | 2.29 (1.58–3.33) | 2.82 (1.70–4.68) | 2.60 (1.65–4.08) | 2.32 (1.49–3.62) |
a
Adjusted for age and sex
b
Adjusted for age, sex, marriage, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, types of coronary heart disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, use of antihypertensive drugs, use of anti-diabetic drugs, use of lowering-lipid drugs, and use of anti-platelet drugs
c
Adjusted for variables in model 2 and also for serum calcium in the analyses of serum phosphorus or serum phosphorus in the analyses of calcium