Table 4.

Hazard ratios of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality according to different levels of serum phosphorus and calcium by various subgroups

Characteristics	Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for phosphorus*				Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for calcium*
	All-cause mortality		Cardiovascular mortality		All-cause mortality		Cardiovascular mortality
	Q4 vs. Q1	P trend	Q4 vs. Q1	P trend	Q4 vs. Q1	P trend	Q4 vs. Q1	P trend
Gendera,b
Male	2.36 (1.55–3.60)	<0.001	2.00 (1.21–3.31)	0.006	0.59 (0.37–0.93)	0.002	0.60 (0.35–1.04)	0.005
Female	1.14 (0.62–2.09)	0.74	0.98 (0.43–2.22)	0.96	0.58 (0.32–1.02)	0.032	0.38 (0.17–0.86)	0.006
Age (years)a,c
≥65	1.62 (1.09–2.41)	0.006	1.47 (0.90–2.40)	0.046	0.57 (0.39–0.84)	0.001	0.47 (0.29–0.77)	<0.001
<65	2.36 (1.10–5.03)	0.062	1.59 (0.67–3.76)	0.58	0.34 (0.14–0.80)	0.002	0.34 (0.11–1.02)	0.017
BMI (kg/m2)a,b
≥25	0.87 (0.45–1.68)	0.61	0.66 (0.28–1.52)	0.26	0.39 (0.19–0.80)	0.006	0.35 (0.15–0.84)	0.003
<25	2.21 (1.46–3.36)	<0.001	1.99 (1.20–3.31)	0.003	0.73 (0.49–1.11)	0.029	0.62 (0.36–1.05)	0.017
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)
≥60	2.04 (1.26–3.31)	0.013	1.62 (0.90–2.93)	0.19	0.74 (0.47–1.16)	0.030	0.62 (0.35–1.08)	0.007
<60	1.60 (0.96–2.67)	0.052	1.60 (0.85–3.04)	0.11	0.49 (0.27–0.88)	0.015	0.47 (0.22–1.02)	0.038
Type of CHDb
Acute	1.73 (1.13–2.67)	0.023	1.96 (1.17–3.29)	0.011	0.56 (0.35–0.90)	0.003	0.44 (0.24–0.81)	0.001
Stable	1.44 (0.77–2.69)	0.15	0.48 (0.20–1.15)	0.24	0.73 (0.42–1.26)	0.15	0.71 (0.35–1.43)	0.16
History of HBPa,b,c,d
No	4.13 (1.66–10.3)	0.005	4.17 (1.34–13.0)	0.019	2.04 (0.77–5.40)	0.18	1.57 (0.42–5.86)	0.67
Yes	1.58 (1.08–2.31)	0.012	1.35 (0.84–2.17)	0.11	0.48 (0.33–0.71)	<0.001	0.45 (0.27–0.73)	<0.001
History of DMb
No	2.18 (1.40–3.39)	<0.001	1.96 (1.12–3.42)	0.008	0.56 (0.35–0.88)	0.002	0.43 (0.23–0.81)	0.001
Yes	1.42 (0.79–2.57)	0.28	1.18 (0.58–2.38)	0.71	0.62 (0.35–1.12)	0.053	0.61 (0.30–1.23)	0.048

BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CHD coronary heart disease, HBP hypertension, DM diabetes

^*Adjusted for age, gender, marriage, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, types of coronary heart disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, use of antihypertensive drugs, use of anti-diabetic drugs, use of lowering-lipid drugs, and use of anti-platelet drugs, other than the variable in the analysis

^aP value for the interactions of variables and serum phosphorus with the risk of all-cause mortality <0.05;

^bP value for interactions of variables and serum phosphorus with the risk of cardiovascular mortality <0.05.

^cP value for interactions of variables and serum calcium with the risk of all-cause mortality <0.05;

^dP value for the interactions of variables and serum calcium with the risk of cardiovascular mortality <0.05