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. 2022 Apr 6;39(4):msac075. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msac075

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Fig. 5. — Distribution and alignment of SSRP-like and ASTC genes in diverse bilaterian phyla. (A) Cladogram showing proposed origin, retention, and loss of the SSRP-like (green), ASTC (yellow), and consomatin (blue) gene across diverse animal phyla. SSRP-like genes were lost in ecdysozoa, whereas ASTC was lost in the chordate lineage. SSRP-like peptides were also likely lost in Nemerteans, Brachiopods, and Phoronids, where ASTC was also lost. (B) Alignment of SSRPs (left panel) and ASTC (right panel) from representative species of deuterostomes and protostomes. Residues common in all sequences are highlighted in gray. Peptide key: Somatostatin (SS), Somatostatin and related peptides (SSRP), Cortistatin (CST), Urotensin (UII), Urotensin-related peptide (URP), Allatostatin-C (ASTC). Species key: Echinodermata (Ppe: Patiria pectinifera, Aru: Asterias rubens, Pli: Paracentrotus lividus, Ovi: Ophionotus victoriae, Sja: Stichopus japonicus), Vertebrata (Hsa: Homo sapiens, Dre: Danio rerio, Lfl: Lampetra fluviatilis), Cephalochordata (Bfl: Branchiostoma floridae), Annelida (Pdu: Platynereis dumerelii, Cte: Capitella teleta, Dgy: Dinomorphus gyrociliatus, Agr: Amynthas gracilis, Efe: Eisenia fetida, Uun: Urechis unicinctus, Ofu: Owenia fusiformis, Gpa: Glossoscolex paulistus), Mollusca (Cro: Conus rolani, Aca: Aplysia californica, Cgi: Crassostrea gigas, Lli: Lithophaga lithophaga, Sbr: Scapharca broughtonii, Bpf: Biomphalaria pfeifferi), Brachiopoda (Lan: Lingula anatine), Rotifera (Rso: Rotaria sordida, Ban: Brachionus angularis), Xenacoelomorpha (Xbo: Xenoturbella bocki), Arthropoda (Dme: Drosophila melanogaster, Cfl: Camponotus floridanus, Cvi: Carabus violaceus), and Nematoda (Cbr: Caenorhabditis briggsae).