Figure 2.

Potential points of signaling integration between DAMP and HAMP responses. Chewing herbivores lead to cellular damage and HAMP exposure to plant cells. HAMPs can be perceived by PRRs such as the INR LRR-RLP (top side of cell) and likely other receptor families, while DAMPs are perceived by defined receptors encoding various ectodomains (right side of cell). Known factors that are genetically linked to defense against herbivory are connected with arrows indicating potential signaling cascades. Other pictured signaling factors affect defense against herbivory but have not been specifically linked to recognition of HAMPs. Solid arrows indicate known activation of signaling factors. Hypothesized points of regulation are shown as dotted lines. See text for details of known receptor and signaling factors. Ultimately, calcium influx and jasmonate biosynthesis are modulated by the combined effect of wounding and HAMP recognition. WAK1, Wall-Associated Kinase 1; DORN1, Does Not Respond to Nucleotides 1; JAV1, Jasmonate Associated VQ motif.