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Plant cells secrete diverse RNA species into the apoplast, including sRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Many of these RNAs are located outside of EVs, and in some cases form complexes with RNA-binding proteins. Right panel shows diverse RNAs found within apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) and separation of these into supernatant (P100 Sup) and pellet (P100) following centrifugation at 100,000 × g. Adapted from Karimi et al. (2022), Figure 5.
