E. coli strains and their characteristics. + and − indicate that the strain had and lacked the characteristic listed in the leftmost column. “Flagellated” means that the cell had flagella. “Motile” means that the cell could swim in a liquid environment. “Chemotaxis” means that the cell could move toward a nutrient-rich environment.

Characteristic/strain	RP437 (WT)	RP437 fliC	RP6894	UU2612
Flagellated	+	−	+	+
Motile	+	−	−	+
Chemotaxis	+	−	−	−