Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| All Patients | No Endocarditis | Definite Endocarditis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 477 | N = 390 | N = 87 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 157 (33%) | 124 (32%) | 32 (37%) |
| Male | 320 (67%) | 265 (68%) | 55 (63%) |
| Age, y | 68 (57–76) | 68 (57–76) | 68 (57–75) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 153 (32%) | 132 (34%) | 21 (24%) |
| Immunosuppressant use | 86 (18%) | 76 (19%) | 10 (11%) |
| HIV-AIDS | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Chronic renal failure | 136 (28%) | 114 (29%) | 18 (21%) |
| Hemodialysis | 28 (6%) | 26 (7%) | 2 (2%) |
| MRSA bacteremia | 10 (2%) | 9 (2%) | 1 (1%) |
| Intravenous drug use | 5 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 4 (5%) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2- 5) | 2 (1–4) |
| McCabe score | |||
| Nonfatal | 202 (43%) | 163 (41%) | 39 (45%) |
| Ultimately fatal | 216 (45%) | 170 (44%) | 46 (53%) |
| Rapidly fatal | 59 (12%) | 57 (15%) | 2 (2%) |
| Any predisposing cardiac condition | 143 (30%) | 94 (24%) | 49 (56%) |
| History of endocarditis | 13 (3%) | 6 (2%) | 7 (8%) |
| Native valve disease | 86 (18%) | 62 (16%) | 24 (28%) |
| Prosthetic valve | 39 (8%) | 19 (5%) | 20 (23%) |
| CRT-D | 12 (3%) | 5 (1%) | 7 (8%) |
| ICD | 10 (2%) | 8 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| Pacemaker | 28 (6%) | 14 (4%) | 14 (16%) |
| Place of acquisition | |||
| Community-acquired | 165 (35%) | 114 (29%) | 51 (59%) |
| Healthcare-associated | 155 (32%) | 133 (34%) | 22 (25%) |
| Hospital-acquired | 157 (33%) | 143 (37%) | 14 (16%) |
| Signs and symptoms present within 72 h of first positive blood culture | |||
| Severe sepsis | 186 (39%) | 132 (34%) | 54 (62%) |
| Septic shock | 43 (9%) | 29 (7%) | 14 (16%) |
| C-reactive protein >190 mg/La | 167 (40%) | 115 (35%) | 52 (63%) |
| Meningitis | 5 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 4 (5%) |
| Vertebral osteomyelitis | 24 (5%) | 16 (4%) | 8 (9%) |
| Intensive care as admitting specialty | 38 (8%) | 26 (7%) | 12 (14%) |
| Positive follow-up culture at 48 h | 142 (30%) | 83 (22%) | 59 (67%) |
| Positive follow-up culture at 72 h | 103 (22%) | 57 (15%) | 46 (52%) |
| Time to positivityb | 12.6 (8.8–16.9) | 13.3 (9.7–17.9) | 9.00 (6.6–11.9) |
| Management and outcomes of SAB | |||
| Follow-up culture taken within 96 h | 434 (91%) | 355 (91%) | 79 (91%) |
| TTE performed | 404 (85%) | 320 (82%) | 84 (97%) |
| TEE performed | 201 (42%) | 128 (33%) | 73 (84%) |
| 18-FDG PET/CT performed | 179 (38%) | 128 (33%) | 51 (59%) |
| Infectious diseases consultation performed | 383 (80%) | 308 (79%) | 75 (86%) |
| 30-day mortality | 101 (21%) | 74 (19%) | 27 (31%) |
| 90-day mortality | 146 (31%) | 109 (28%) | 37 (43%) |
| 90-day relapse rate | 13 (3%) | 10 (3%) | 3 (3%) |
Data are n (%) or median + interquartile range unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CRT-D, Cardiac resynchronization device; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; MRSA, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; 18-FDG PET/CT, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
aC-reactive protein at day of blood culture was missing for 63 patients: 4 patients with SA-IE and 59 patients without SA-IE.
bTime to positivity was available for 362/477 patients.