Table 1. Comparison of patient and hospital characteristics stratified by the development of postoperative respiratory failure (PRF).
| No PRF (n = 1,003,703) | PRF (n = 88,308) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female (%) | 60.3 | 52.1 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 55.0±18.4 | 68.4±14.0 | <0.001 |
| Primary Insurer (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Private | 36.8 | 17.3 | |
| Medicare | 36.7 | 68.4 | |
| Medicaid | 17.2 | 9.4 | |
| Other Payer* | 9.2 | 4.9 | |
| Income Quartile (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Fourth (Highest) | 19.0 | 17.0 | |
| Third | 25.0 | 24.1 | |
| Second | 27.9 | 29.2 | |
| First (Lowest) | 28.2 | 29.8 | |
| Operation (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Large Bowel Resection | 15.3 | 43.9 | |
| Small Bowel Resection | 8.7 | 21.3 | |
| Cholecystectomy | 62.1 | 18.1 | |
| Repair of Perforated Ulcer | 1.6 | 7.0 | |
| Lysis of Adhesions | 7.4 | 6.9 | |
| Appendectomy | 5.0 | 2.8 | |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index | 2.2±1.9 | 5.1±2.2 | <0.001 |
| Medical Conditions (%) | |||
| Arrhythmia | 12.7 | 40.5 | <0.001 |
| Chronic Liver Disease | 7.3 | 13.3 | <0.001 |
| Chronic Lung Disorder | 13.8 | 31.5 | <0.001 |
| Coagulopathy | 3.5 | 21.0 | <0.001 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 5.1 | 26.4 | <0.001 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 10.3 | 23.6 | <0.001 |
| End Stage Renal Disease | 1.3 | 4.7 | <0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 10.4 | 14.3 | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | 7.5 | 14.6 | <0.001 |
| Neurologic Disorder | 3.7 | 22.0 | <0.001 |
| Valve Disorder | 2.9 | 6.9 | <0.001 |
| Hospital Bed Size (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Large | 53.3 | 56.3 | |
| Medium | 29.1 | 28.6 | |
| Small | 17.6 | 15.0 | |
| Teaching Hospital (%) | 63.3 | 66.0 | <0.001 |
Categorical variables reported as frequency and continuous as mean and standard deviation.
*Other payer includes uninsured and self-pay.