Appendix 2—figure 1. Fixed effect meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization estimates for genetically predicted effects of epigenetic age acceleration on multiple cancers.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported per 1 year increase in (A) GrimAge acceleration, (B) PhenoAge acceleration, (C) HannumAge acceleration and (D) Intrinsic HorvathAge acceleration. Results were obtained using inverse variance weighted MR (dark blue), weighted median (sky blue) and weighted mode (turquoise) methods. All meta-analysis estimates were calculated using data from UK Biobank, FinnGen and international consortia, except for colorectal cancer estimates, which exclude UK Biobank data to avoid double counting.