Appendix 2—figure 10. Mendelian randomization estimates for genetically predicted effects of GrimAge acceleration on potential confounders of the association between GrimAge acceleration and colorectal cancer.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported per 1 year increase in GrimAge acceleration. GrimAge was instrumented by four genetic variants. Results were obtained using inverse variance weighted MR (dark blue), weighted median (sky blue) and weighted mode (turquoise) methods. Data sources: UK Biobank (for time spent doing vigorous physical activity, pack years of smoking, alcohol intake frequency and age completed full time education), GIANT consortium (for waist circumference and body mass index) and the SSAGC consortium (for years of schooling).