Appendix 2—figure 4. Mendelian randomization estimates for genetically predicted effects of epigenetic age acceleration on parental history of multiple cancers.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported per 1 year increase in (A) GrimAge acceleration, (B) PhenoAge acceleration, (C) HannumAge acceleration and (D) Intrinsic HorvathAge acceleration. GrimAge, PhenoAge, HannumAge and Intrinsic HorvathAge acceleration were instrumented by 4, 11, 9 and 24 genetic variants, respectively. Results were obtained using inverse variance weighted MR (dark blue), weighted median (sky blue) and weighted mode (turquoise) methods. Data source: UK Biobank.