Fig. 10. (A) Schematic illustration on the preparation of NP@EV, by fusing the derived membrane vesicle of the extracellular vesicles secreted by Staphylococcus aureus over the surface of NPs. (B) TEM of Staphylococcus aureus – EV coated NPs. (C) Exposure of a macrophage to a Staphylococcus aureus leads to phagocytosis and consequent antigen presentation, and re-exposure of the phagocyte to the same pathogen type (Staphylococcus aureus – EV coated NPs) leads to rapid pathogen detection and clearance (adapted with permission from Gao et al., 2019.137 Copyright © 2019, American Chemical Society).
