Fig. 1. Technical route of PPCRDF preparation with DSPE-PEG-FA acting as an amphiphilic molecule, in which the DSPE hydrophobic block could be inserted directly into the phospholipid layer of the RBC membrane while the mPEG-linked FA at the hydrophilic end was located on the surface of the nanoparticle. PPCRDF was prepared by extruding PPC nanoparticles, RBC-Dox, and DSPE-PEG-FA through a 100 nm membrane. The above procedures were repeated several times to ensure the formation of a “core–shell” structure and guarantee the size of nanoparticle uniformity.
