Larvicidal activity of the silver nanoparticles against both third and fourth instars larvae of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi (control: nil mortality).
| Dose (mg L−1) | Mosquito species | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. albopictus | A. aegypti | C. quinquefasciatus | A. stephensi | |||||
| 3rd instars larvae | 4th instars larvae | 3rd instars larvae | 4th instars larvae | 3rd instars larvae | 4th instars larvae | 3rd instars larvae | 4th instars larvae | |
| % Mortality (mean value of three replicates, n = mean ± standard error) | ||||||||
| 1.0 mg L−1 | 100 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 0.0 |
| 0.50 mg L−1 | 81.3 ± 1.3 | 85.6 ± 4.3 | 80.9 ± 2.1 | 81.1 ± 2.9 | 82.9 ± 0.13 | 84.9 ± 4.6 | 80.4 ± 5.2 | 83.7 ± 5.2 |
| 0.30 mg L−1 | 69.1 ± 4.3 | 75.7 ± 2.9 | 72.5 ± 3.1 | 74.9 ± 1.3 | 71.9 ± 1.9 | 75.9 ± 2.9 | 71.8 ± 4.1 | 74.2 ± 1.1 |
| 0.10 mg L−1 | 51.9 ± 2.13 | 59.2 ± 2.8 | 55.1 ± 3.1 | 53.1 ± 4.0 | 58.0 ± 3.1 | 59.1 ± 4.1 | 52.6 ± 4.7 | 56.2 ± 4.2 |
| 0.05 mg L−1 | 31.7 ± 3.5 | 38.0 ± 2.9 | 36.1 ± 5.5 | 33.1 ± 1.5 | 37.1 ± 4.7 | 34.7 ± 5.1 | 34.1 ± 1.0 | 35.1 ± 2.9 |
| 0.03 mg L−1 | 15.1 ± 3.3 | 19.4 ± 5.1 | 16.9 ± 1.7 | 15.9 ± 1.0 | 17.9 ± 4.1 | 14.9 ± 0.9 | 19.8 ± 2.9 | 18.1 ± 4.5 |