Table 2.
Subgroup analyses of pain.
| Outcome type | n | Sample size | SMD | 95% CI | p | I 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TA | SA | L | U | |||||
| Duration of diseases | ||||||||
| 8< | 3 | 492 | 532 | -0.20 | -0.39 | -0.01 | 0.04 | 40% |
| >8 | 3 | 579 | 549 | -0.01 | -0.22 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0 |
| BMI | ||||||||
| 25< | 1 | 21 | 21 | -0. 03 | -0.63 | 0.58 | 0.93 | NA |
| 25~29.9 | 3 | 620 | 586 | -0.18 | -0.35 | -0.01 | 0.03 | 45% |
| >29.9 | 3 | 470 | 514 | -0.12 | -0.25 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0 |
| Program length | ||||||||
| 6w | 3 | 514 | 631 | -0.06 | -0.17 | 0.06 | 0.34 | 0 |
| 6~13w | 6 | 785 | 756 | -0.16 | -0.26 | -0.06 | 0.002 | 0 |
| 26w | 1 | 142 | 141 | -0.14 | -0.35 | 0.08 | 0.21 | NA |
| Last observation result | 10 | 1143 | 1191 | -0.15 | -0.32 | 0.02 | 0.00001 | 73% |
n: number of studies; TA: true acupuncture; SA: Sham acupuncture; SMD: standardized mean difference effect size; L: lower; U: upper; I2: heterogeneity.