Figure 3.

Predicted level of tumor markers in serum (a) Compared with wild-type mice, the concentrations of various tumor markers in both TGF-β1 gene knockout mice and 1D11-treated mice decrease, while the concentrations of most tumor markers in the additional TGF-β1 injection group significantly increase. (b) Although additional TGF-β1 injections results in higher levels of most cancer markers, the gene knockout does not reduce the concentrations of tumor markers, suggesting that TGF-β1 knockout therapy is ineffective.