The analysis of real environmental samples using the PANI-TiO2 NPs/binder/GCE chemical sensor via a recovery methoda.
| Sample | Added 1,2-DAB concentration (μM) | Measured 1,2-DAB conc.n by PANI-TiO2 NPs/binder/GCE (μM) | Average recoveryb (%) | RSDc (%) (n = 3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | R2 | R3 | ||||
| Industrial effluent | 0.01000 | 0.00992 | 0.00985 | 0.00964 | 98.02 | 1.49 |
| PC-baby bottle | 0.01000 | 0.01005 | 0.01005 | 0.01006 | 100.52 | 0.06 |
| PC-water bottle | 0.01000 | 0.009859 | 0.009895 | 0.00993 | 98.96 | 0.36 |
| PVC-food packaging bag | 0.01000 | 0.009982 | 0.009935 | 0.009787 | 99.01 | 1.03 |
a
Mean of three repeat determinations (signal to noise ratio: 3) by the PANI-TiO2 NPs/binder/GCE sensor probe.
b
Concentration of 1,2-DAB determined/concentration taken (unit: μM).
c
Relative standard deviation value indicates precision among three repeat measurements (R1, R2, R3).