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. 2022 Apr 28;8:32. doi: 10.1038/s41522-022-00299-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — To carry out this assay, each strain was propagated in LB or R2A liquid medium depending on the medium from which they were isolated at first, then they were mixed with gasoline and diesel. a Assay tubes where the emulsifying effect of strains Isoptericola sp. 4D.3 and Pseudomonas lutea are shown in contrast to control tubes with fresh medium and non-inoculated bacteria. b Heat map of the emulsification index (E₂₄%). In a red gradient, the ability to emulsify the fuel is shown, from dark red (highest E₂₄%) to white (no emulsifying effect). The medium where each strain was grown is displayed in orange (LB) and blue (R2A). Negative controls in both medium (NC.LB; NC.R2A), as well as positive controls with Tween 80 as a surfactant (PC.LB; PC.R2A), showed no emulsifying effect and complete emulsification of the fuel layer, respectively.