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. 2022 Apr 28;13:2317. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29988-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b A snapshot and schematic of MFKP in setup-2 (S2). A cystic ADPKD kidney (c) and an normal kidney (d) derived from patients. e, f A snapshot and schematic of the MFKP in setup-1 (S1). g Measured J₀, and ΔP*, for NHKc (N = 4, biological replicates), NHKm (N = 4) and ADPKD (N = 13) epithelia using S2. For J₀, ***p_NHKc-ADPKD = ***p_NHKm-ADPKD = 0.0008 and for ∆P*, **p_NHKc-ADPKD = **p_NHKm-ADPKD = 0.0036. h Pump performance curve (PPC) of ADPKD epithelium using S2. (N = 13, biological replicates). 10 nM Tolvaptan (TVP) (N = 12, biological replicates) decreases fluid pumping in ADPKD cystic epithelium. i PPCs of NHKc (N = 10) and NHKm (N = 8) epithelia using S1. Shaded area is the SEM. j Comparison of J₀, and ΔP*, for NHKc (N = 9, biological replicates), NHKm (N = 8) and ADPKD (N = 4) epithelium using S1. For J₀, p_NHKc-NHKm = 0.5249, **p_NHKc-ADPKD = 0.0014, **p_NHKm-ADPKD = 0.0040 and for ∆P*, *p_NHKc-NHKm = 0.0166, **p_NHKc-ADPKD = 0.0028, **p_NHKm-ADPKD = 0.0040. Comparisons of J₀ with (k) varying hypo-osmotic gradients in NHKc (N = 7, 10, 9, 11, biological replicates for CT, 10%, 20 and 50%, **p_CT-10% = 0.0018, ***p_CT-20% = 0.0002, ****p_CT-50% < 0.0001), NHKm (N = 8, 7, 7, 9, p_CT-10% = 0.2319, p_CT-20% = 0.3969, p_CT-50% = 0.1388) and ADPKD (N = 12, 10, 11, 8, p_CT-10% = 0.0554, ****p_CT-20% < 0.0001, ***p_CT-50% = 0.001) epithelia. l Fluid shear stresses in NHKc (N = 7, 12, 10, 12, biological replicates for CT, 0.25, 0.5 and 1, ****p < 0.0001), NHKm (N = 8, 6, 8, 8, ***p_CT-0.25 = 0.0007, ***p_CT-0.5 = 0.0006, ***p_CT-1 = 0.0006) and ADPKD (N = 13, 16, 14, 11, ****p < 0.0001) epithelia. m Comparison of ΔP* in NHKc (N = 12, 11, 9, 12 biological replicates for CT, 10%, 20 and 50% osmotic gradients, p_CT-10% = 0.4324, ***p_CT-20% = 0.0003, ****p_CT-50% < 0.0001), NHKm (N = 8, 7, 7, 8, **p_CT-10% = 0.0099, ***p_CT-20% = 0.0002, ****p_CT-50% < 0.0001) and ADPKD (N = 15, 9, 9, 8, p_CT-10% = 0.22, p_CT-20% = 0.594, p_CT-50% = 0.417). n And for fluid shear stresses in NHKc (N = 9, 12, 10, 11, biological replicates for CT, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 dyn/cm², *p_CT-0.25 = 0.0237, *p_CT-0.5 = 0.015, **p_CT-1 = 0.003), NHKm (N = 8, 5, 8, 9, p_CT-0.25 = 0.1152, p_CT-0.5 = 0.4547, p_CT-1 = 0.1306) and ADPKD (N = 15, 12, 14, 12, ****p < 0.0001. Unpaired, two-tailed, Mann–Whitney t-test. See Fig. 1 caption for explanation of box-plot.