Table 1.
Effects of interventions included in the main analysis (n = 51)
| First author year | Treatment type | Criterion copies/mL | % (n) Undetectable viral load |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Treatment | RR | 95% CI | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Altice 2007 | SUPP | < 400 | 49 | (26) | 56 | (49) | 1.14 | 0.81 | 1.58 |
| Andrade 2005 | DEV | < 50 | 13 | (4) | 34 | (11) | 2.75 | 0.98 | 7.74 |
| 1Barnabus 2016 | eSOC | < 50 | 49 | (214) | 50 | (219) | 1.03 | 0.90 | 1.18 |
| 2Barnabus 2016 | eSOC, SUPP | < 50 | 49 | (214) | 45 | (202) | 0.92 | 0.80 | 1.06 |
| Belzer 2014 | TELE | < 400 | 11 | (2) | 42 | (8) | 3.79 | 0.93 | 15.51 |
| Berg 2011 | SUPP | < 75 | 37 | (14) | 56 | (22) | 1.53 | 0.93 | 2.52 |
| Berger 2008 | BST/MAT | < 50 | 75 | (38) | 81 | (43) | 1.09 | 0.89 | 1.34 |
| Berrien 2004 | BST/MAT | < 2.6log | 24 | (4) | 45 | (9) | 1.91 | 0.71 | 5.12 |
| Chawana 2017 | SUPP | < 1000 | 30 | (8) | 52 | (12) | 1.76 | 0.87 | 3.55 |
| Cunningham 2018 | SUPP | < 75 | 36 | (63) | 46 | (82) | 1.27 | 0.99 | 1.64 |
| de Bruin 2010 | CBT | < 50 | 75 | (50) | 88 | (58) | 1.18 | 1.00 | 1.39 |
| Dilorio 2008 | CBT | < 0.4log | 51 | (62) | 50 | (62) | 0.98 | 0.76 | 1.25 |
| Garcia 2005 | CBT | < 400 | 68 | (28) | 51 | (18) | 0.75 | 0.51 | 1.11 |
| Garofalo 2016 | SMS | < 75 | 24 | (13) | 29 | (16) | 1.21 | 0.64 | 2.26 |
| Geldsetzer 2018 | SUPP | < 1000 | 77 | (777) | 73 | (852) | 0.95 | 0.91 | 1.00 |
| Giordano 2016 | SUPP | < 400 | 36 | (84) | 41 | (92) | 1.14 | 0.91 | 1.44 |
| 1Goggin 2013 | CBT | < 400 | 69 | (45) | 63 | (44) | 0.91 | 0.71 | 1.16 |
| 2Goggin 2013 | CBT, SUPP | < 400 | 69 | (45) | 72 | (50) | 1.05 | 0.84 | 1.30 |
| Gross 2013 | TELE | < 75 | 51 | (45) | 59 | (54) | 1.17 | 0.90 | 1.53 |
| Ingersoll 2011 | MULTI | < 49 | 52 | (14) | 50 | (13) | 0.96 | 0.57 | 1.64 |
| Javanbakht 2006 | INCENT | < 400 | 23 | (10) | 30 | (14) | 1.28 | 0.64 | 2.57 |
| 1Kalichman 2016 | CBT | < 100 | 65 | (98) | 72 | (108) | 1.12 | 0.96 | 1.30 |
| 2Kalichman 2016 | SMS | < 100 | 65 | (98) | 73 | (110) | 1.13 | 0.97 | 1.32 |
| 3Kalichman 2016 | CBT, SMS | < 100 | 65 | (98) | 69 | (104) | 1.07 | 0.91 | 1.25 |
| Kiweewa 2013 | SUPP | < 400 | 66 | (29) | 79 | (38) | 1.20 | 0.97 | 1.32 |
| Kuo 2019 | eSOC, SMS | < 200 | 51 | (28) | 49 | (28) | 0.96 | 0.67 | 1.40 |
| Lester 2010 | SMS | ≤ 400 | 48 | (127) | 57 | (155) | 1.18 | 1.01 | 1.39 |
| Lucas 2013 | SUPP | < 50 | 27 | (14) | 40 | (21) | 1.50 | 0.86 | 2.62 |
| Macalino 2007 | SUPP | < 50 | 26 | (11) | 20 | (9) | 0.80 | 0.37 | 1.73 |
| McLaughlin 2018 | SUPP | < 400 | 69 | (108) | 76 | (152) | 1.10 | 0.96 | 1.25 |
| 1Metsch 2016 | SUPP | < 200 | 34 | (89) | 36 | (97) | 1.08 | 0.86 | 1.36 |
| 2Metsch 2016 | SUPP, INCENT | < 200 | 34 | (89) | 44 | (120) | 1.31 | 1.06 | 1.63 |
| Myer 2018 | SUPP | < 50 | 49 | (117) | 67 | (155) | 1.35 | 1.16 | 1.58 |
| Naar-King 2013 | BST/MAT | NR | 15 | (6) | 17 | (6) | 1.11 | 0.39 | 3.14 |
| Nachega 2010 | SUPP | < 400 | 68 | (93) | 73 | (99) | 1.06 | 0.91 | 1.24 |
| Orrell 2015 | DEV, SMS | < 40 | 70 | (80) | 65 | (75) | 0.94 | 0.78 | 1.12 |
| Pence 2015 | SUPP | < 50 | 63 | (98) | 53 | (79) | 0.84 | 0.69 | 1.02 |
| Pradier 2003 | BST/MAT | < 40 | 48 | (58) | 47 | (58) | 0.98 | 0.76 | 1.28 |
| Ramirez-Garcia 2012 | eSOC | < 50 | 35 | (8) | 79 | (22) | 2.26 | 1.25 | 4.08 |
| Rathbun 2005 | BST/MAT | < 400 | 65 | (11) | 94 | (15) | 1.45 | 1.00 | 2.10 |
| Sabin 2015 | SMS | < 50 | 96 | (54) | 92 | (58) | 0.95 | 0.87 | 1.04 |
| Silveira 2014 | BST/MAT | < 50 | 47 | (78) | 49 | (81) | 1.04 | 0.83 | 1.30 |
| Silverman 2019 | INCENT | < 200 | 44 | (22) | 71 | (37) | 1.62 | 1.13 | 2.31 |
| Taiwo 2010 | SUPP | < 400 | 59 | (149) | 65 | (162) | 1.10 | 0.96 | 1.26 |
| van Loggerenberg 2015 | CBT | < 400 | 77 | (115) | 74 | (109) | 0.97 | 0.85 | 1.10 |
| Wagner 2013 | BST/MAT | < 50 | 43 | (13) | 63 | (15) | 1.44 | 0.86 | 2.41 |
| White 2015 | SUPP | ≤ 400 | 26 | (6) | 35 | (7) | 1.34 | 0.54 | 3.34 |
| Williams 2014 | SUPP | < 400 | 44 | (24) | 56 | (31) | 1.29 | 0.88 | 1.89 |
| 1Wohl 2006 | SUPP | < 400 | 54 | (45) | 60 | (50) | 1.11 | 0.85 | 1.45 |
| 2Wohl 2006 | SUPP | < 400 | 54 | (45) | 54 | (44) | 1.00 | 0.75 | 1.33 |
| Yotebieng 2016 | INCENT | < 40 | 50 | (108) | 52 | (113) | 1.05 | 0.87 | 1.26 |
For all interventions, the control condition was either Standard of Care (SOC) or Enhanced Standard of Care (eSOC). Treatment type is based on classifications listed in Supplementary Materials A. The analysis presented in this table is the missing-detectable analysis which imputed missing samples as containing a detectable viral load. Statistically significant increases in undetectable viral loads at the p < .05 level are shown in bold. Superscript numbers (1, 2, or 3) designate the first, second, or third intervention evaluated within a single study and correspond with the superscript numbers in Fig. 2