Figure 1. Non-fatal biting compels adult C. elegans to avoid predator-occupied bacteria.

(A) Adult P. pacificus.

(B) Adult C. elegans.

(C) Larval C. elegans.

(D) P. pacificus biting larval C. elegans.

(E) Larval C. elegans after fatal bite.

(F) P. pacificus biting adult C. elegans.

(G) Adult C. elegans escaping non-fatal bite.

(H) Probability of killing during a bite (plotted data: kills/bites for individual P. pacificus) (Wald test with single-step adjustment for Tukey contrasts, n_P.pacificus = 12–16, n_{bites_per_P.pacificus} = 3–39).

(I) Cumulative probability of killing adult prey (with repeated biting) by a certain time (Fisher’s exact test with Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment, n_P.pacificus = 16).

(J) Probability of feeding after biting larval prey (Wald test with single-step adjustment for Tukey contrasts, n_P.pacificus = 9–10, n_{bites_per_P.pacificus} = 1–31).

(K) Probability of adult prey exiting a bacterial patch after a bite (Wald test with single-step adjustment for Tukey contrasts, n_P.pacificus = 13–20, n_{bites_per_P.pacificus} = 1–15).

(L–M) Adult prey residence on prey- or predator-inhabited bacterial patches (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test (paired) and Dunn’s test (unpaired) with Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment, n_C.elegans = 11).

(N) Mean post-bite avoidance of bacterial patch (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, n_C.elegans = 9).

(H,J,K) Error bars are predicted probabilities and 95% CIs from binomial logistic regression models of data. Other error bars are 95% bootstrap CIs.

See also Figure S1 and S2, and Videos S1 to S3.