Fig. 3. Unsupervised clustering of ulcerative colitis patients based on their network footprint.

a Heatmap of directly or indirectly affected proteins in each patient. Each column represents a patient, and each row is a protein. Yellow colouring indicates specific proteins affected in individual patients while blue means the opposite. The hierarchical clustering of the patients is shown above the heatmap and was generated using Hamming distance with the average clustering method in which colours represent the patient clusters. The left of the heatmap identifies the proteins in various patient-specific modules, while cluster-driving proteins are shown on the right side of the heatmap. b Representative networks from the four patient clusters. Yellow colour indicates directly or indirectly affected proteins, while blue colour indicates not affected proteins. c Histograms depict the number of patients in which a given protein is affected. The horizontal red line demarcates affected proteins in more than 300 patients. The green line defines the cut-off of proteins affected in 170 patients or less. Both cut-offs were defined based on the distribution. The colours of the proteins are from the representative network modules from Fig. 2 (HLA human leucocyte antigen).