Table 1.
Social demographic characteristics, healthcare accessibility, health status, and health services utilization of participants.
| Variables | Number | (%) | Two-week outpatient rate (%) | x 2/z | p | Annual inpatient rate (%) | x 2/z | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender and age (years) | ||||||||
| Men | ||||||||
| 0–14 | 332 | 5.01 | 7.83 | −6.12 | <0.001 | 6.33 | −10.87 | <0.001 |
| 15–24 | 137 | 2.07 | 4.38 | 2.19 | ||||
| 25–34 | 237 | 3.58 | 6.33 | 2.11 | ||||
| 35–44 | 511 | 7.71 | 6.07 | 3.52 | ||||
| 45–54 | 832 | 12.55 | 8.41 | 8.65 | ||||
| 55–64 | 680 | 10.26 | 14.56 | 15.15 | ||||
| 65– | 532 | 8.03 | 16.35 | 24.25 | ||||
| Women | ||||||||
| 0–14 | 345 | 5.21 | 6.38 | −7.10 | <0.001 | 4.93 | −9.12 | <0.001 |
| 15–24 | 123 | 1.86 | 3.25 | 6.50 | ||||
| 25–34 | 263 | 3.97 | 9.89 | 9.51 | ||||
| 35–44 | 509 | 7.68 | 6.09 | 5.50 | ||||
| 45–54 | 839 | 12.66 | 10.61 | 7.63 | ||||
| 55–64 | 733 | 11.06 | 13.78 | 13.37 | ||||
| 65– | 554 | 8.36 | 18.95 | 24.01 | ||||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||||
| Household income | ||||||||
| Quintile I | 1,329 | 20.05 | 11.06 | −0.97 | 0.333 | 9.18 | −3.05 | 0.002 |
| Quintile II | 1,325 | 19.99 | 9.89 | 11.09 | ||||
| Quintile III | 1,375 | 20.75 | 10.04 | 10.11 | ||||
| Quintile IV | 1,273 | 19.21 | 10.92 | 10.84 | ||||
| Quintile V | 1,325 | 19.99 | 11.85 | 13.43 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Unmarried and others | 1,722 | 26.74 | 11.32 | 0.17 | 0.679 | 9.59 | 4.41 | 0.036 |
| Married | 4,855 | 73.26 | 10.65 | 11.41 | ||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Illiteracy | 613 | 9.25 | 18.11 | 5.79 | <0.001 | 17.78 | 6.30 | <0.001 |
| Primary school or junior middle school | 4,173 | 62.97 | 10.50 | 11.21 | ||||
| Senior high school or technical secondary school | 1,096 | 16.54 | 10.22 | 7.85 | ||||
| College, university, or above | 745 | 11.24 | 6.85 | 8.19 | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Employed | 3,265 | 49.27 | 8.58 | 82.09 | <0.001 | 6.98 | 176.32 | <0.001 |
| Retired | 1,012 | 15.27 | 15.22 | 16.30 | ||||
| Student | 474 | 7.15 | 3.59 | 3.38 | ||||
| Unemployed and others | 1,876 | 28.31 | 13.91 | 16.79 | ||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 3,918 | 59.12 | 10.34 | 1.66 | 0.198 | 9.14 | 31.48 | <0.001 |
| Rural | 2,709 | 40.88 | 11.33 | 13.51 | ||||
| Healthcare accessibility | ||||||||
| Type of basic medical insurance scheme | ||||||||
| UEBMI | 1,424 | 21.49 | 10.46 | 8.18 | 0.017 | 10.96 | 22.53 | <0.001 |
| URRBMI, URBMI, NCMS, and others | 4,819 | 72.72 | 11.16 | 11.50 | ||||
| None | 3,84 | 5.79 | 6.51 | 3.65 | ||||
| Critical illness insurance | ||||||||
| Yes | 2,528 | 38.15 | 11.23 | 1.02 | 0.311 | 12.70 | 13.20 | <0.001 |
| No | 4,099 | 61.85 | 10.44 | 9.83 | ||||
| Commercial health insurance | ||||||||
| Yes | 863 | 13.02 | 9.85 | 0.83 | 0.363 | 9.62 | 1.74 | 0.187 |
| No | 5,764 | 86.98 | 10.88 | 11.12 | ||||
| Distance to the nearest health facility | ||||||||
| ≤ 5 km | 6,401 | 96.59 | 10.90 | 5.05 | 0.025 | 10.95 | 0.13 | 0.714 |
| >5 km | 226 | 3.41 | 6.19 | 10.18 | ||||
| Time taken to travel to the nearest health facility | ||||||||
| <30 min | 6,609 | 99.73 | 10.76 | 0.51 | 0.477 | 10.94 | 0.53 | 0.465 |
| ≥30 min | 18 | 0.27 | 5.56 | 5.56 | ||||
| Health Status | ||||||||
| Self-assessed health | ||||||||
| Very poor | 460 | 6.94 | 13.70 | 13.42 | <0.001 | 11.52 | 13.78 | <0.001 |
| Poor | 216 | 3.26 | 29.17 | 36.57 | ||||
| Fair | 1,201 | 18.12 | 20.73 | 20.82 | ||||
| Good | 2,067 | 31.19 | 9.68 | 10.45 | ||||
| Excellent | 2,683 | 40.49 | 5.11 | 11.52 | ||||
| Chronic disease | ||||||||
| Yes | 3,022 | 45.60 | 18.00 | 305.12 | <0.001 | 18.86 | 359.59 | <0.001 |
| No | 3,605 | 54.40 | 4.66 | 4.27 | ||||
| limitation of daily activities | ||||||||
| Yes | 849 | 12.81 | 26.86 | 263.57 | <0.001 | 29.33 | 338.90 | <0.001 |
| No | 5,778 | 87.19 | 8.38 | 8.22 |
UEBMI, Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance; URRBMI, Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance; URBMI, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance; NCMS, The New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme.