| ➢ Attractive separation performance |
➢ Specific devices for membrane preparation |
| ➢ Higher productivity (high permeances) |
➢ Hydrothermal stability issues on single-layered layers based on MOFs |
| ➢ Low amount of selective membrane-material |
➢ Challenging spatial distribution |
| ➢ Defect-free structure |
➢ Physical aging and plasticization in the polymer support and polymer-based layers |
| ➢ Less membrane area needed for a given separation |
➢ Limited preparation procedures at a large scale |
| ➢ Controlled grain size and thickness |
➢ Separation properties depending on precursors and ligands |
| ➢ Controllable tuning of the membrane pore size |
➢ Hydrothermal stability of ligand–metal bonds |
| ➢ Stable mechanical properties (e.g., graphene-based membranes) for potential large-scale applications |
|
| ➢ Atomically thin membranes |
|
| ➢ Materials, fabrication, and energy cost savings |
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