TABLE 3.

Current progress in non-pharmacological therapeutic and rehabilitation measures for neurodegenerative gait and motor functions.

Neuro-disorder	Gait and biomechanical manifestation(s)	Advances in therapeutic/Caregiving strategies
AD	Slow gait speed Reduced step/stride length Low cadence Increased inter stride variability Bradykinesia	Wearables (Lazarou et al., 2016; Mendoza et al., 2017; Amato et al., 2018; Saif et al., 2020; Muurling et al., 2021; Stavropoulos et al., 2021), Virtual Reality (Gago et al., 2016; Doniger et al., 2018; Uğur and Sertel, 2020), Phytochemicals (Janßen et al., 2010)
PD	Freezing of gait Slow walking speed Small step length Bradykinesia Hypertonia (rigidity) Tremor Flexed posture Festination	Wearables (Mazilu et al., 2015; Pacilli et al., 2016; Pereira et al., 2016; Suppa et al., 2017; Rossi et al., 2020), Virtual Reality (Gilat et al., 2015; Killane et al., 2015; Georgiades et al., 2016; Bluett et al., 2019; Feng et al., 2019; Bekkers et al., 2020; Júlio et al., 2020; Pelosin et al., 2020; Yamagami et al., 2020; Goh et al., 2021), Phytochemicals (Van Kampen et al., 2003; Zhao et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2014; Yadav et al., 2016; Askar et al., 2019; Madiha et al., 2021)
HD	Slow gait speed Reduced stride length Variable stepping pattern Increased stance-to-swing ratio	Wearable (Kegelmeyer et al., 2017; Georgiou et al., 2020), Virtual Reality (Kloos et al., 2013; Júlio et al., 2020), Phytochemicals (Jiang et al., 2015)
ALS	Small stride length Decreased cadence Small single limb support Increased double limb support Increased knee flexion at IC Increased inter stride variability	Wearables (Garcia-Gancedo et al., 2019; Van Eijk et al., 2019), Virtual Reality (Ortiz et al., 2018), Phytochemicals (Mohi-Ud-Din et al., 2022)
MS	Decreased gait speed Small step length Reduced cadence Reduced joint ROM	Wearables (Peruzzi et al., 2017), Virtual Reality (Eftekharsadat et al., 2015; Kalron et al., 2016; Calabrò et al., 2017; Peruzzi et al., 2017; Munari et al., 2020)