Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI for COVID-19 based on dairy intake tertile stratifying by sex.

Variables	Tertile1	Tertile2	Tertile3	P-trend
Low-fat dairy product
Men	1	0.73 (0.49–1.09)	0.50 (0.32–0.78)	0.001*
Women	1	0.55 (0.35–0.86)	0.53 (0.34–0.81)	0.003*
High-fat-dairy-product
Men	1	0.94 (0.60–1.48)	1.38 (0.88–2.17)	0.18
Women	1	0.92 (0.58–1.45)	1.41 (0.90–2.38)	0.11
Total dairy
Men	1	0.52 (0.33–0.82)	0.89 (0.58–1.37)	0.49
Women	1	0.73 (0.46–1.17)	1.19 (0.77–1.85)	0.53
Low-fat milk
Men	1	0.62 (0.37–1.02)	0.45 (0.29–0.70)	<0.001*
Women	1	0.39 (0.20–0.74)	0.50 (0.30–0.76)	<0.001*
High-fat milk
Men	1	1.58 (1.08–2.59)	1.68 (1.18–2.37)	0.003*
Women	1	2.60 (0.57–11.83)	1.42 (0.99–2.03)	0.03*
Total milk
Men	1	0.80 (0.52–1.22)	0.74(0.48–1.13)	0.14
Women	1	1.22 (0.81–1.86)	0.74(0.46–1.17)	0.23
Low-fat yogurt
Men	1	1.10 (0.71–1.68)	0.99 (0.64–1.53)	0.93
Women	1	1.20 (0.76–1.89)	1.27 (0.81–1.98)	0.18
High-fat yogurt
Men	1	0.76 (0.43–1.34)	1.38 (0.95–2.01)	0.12
Women	1	0.65 (0.36–1.16)	1.07 (0.72–1.58)	0.93
Total yogurt
Men	1	1.11 (0.71–1.73)	1.32 (0.87–2.02)	0.22
Women	1	1.17 (0.74–1.86)	1.49 (0.96–2.29)	0.03*
Cheese
Men	1	1.82 (1.17–2.83)	1.59 (0.98–2.58)	0.06
Women	1	2.25 (1.38–3.65)	2.13 (1.26–3.59)	0.006*
Yogurt drink
Men	1	1.52 (0.95–2.44)	1.29 (0.80–2.06)	0.41
Women	1	1.26 (0.76–2.08)	1.47 (0.91–2.38)	0.15
Kashk
Men	1	1.08 (0.69–1.69)	1.00 (0.65–1.52)	0.97
Women	1	1.20 (0.76–1.90)	1.10 (0.71–1.71)	0.66
Butter
Men	1	1.11 (0.57–2.13)	1.14 (0.57–2.28)	0.76
Women	1	2.10 (0.83–5.31)	3.16 (1.23–8.08)	0.003*

Values are reported as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.

All models are adjusted for age, energy intake, smoking status, physical activity, marital status, educational levels, chronic disease, job status, house status (home-owner or tenant), family size (less than 4, more than five), ethnicity (from Yazd or not from Yazd), and BMI.

*Denotes statistically significant.