Table 3.
Demographic and health-related characteristics of survey respondents, bivariate multinomial and final multinomial logistic regression models for vaccine uptake (N = 1208)1,2
| Categorical variables | Raw n | Weighted n (%) | Wait and see vs. acceptor | Non-acceptor vs. Acceptor | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate unadjusted OR [95% CI] |
Final model adjusted OR [95% CI] |
Bivariate unadjusted OR [95% CI] |
Final model adjusted OR [95% CI] |
|||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 610 | 583.1 (48.3%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 598 | 624.9 (51.7%) | 1.08 [0.75, 1.55] | 0.84 [0.47, 1.50] | 1.10 [0.79, 1.53] | 0.93 [0.46, 1.87] |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 60+ | 462 | 357.6 (29.6%) | Ref | –3 | Ref | – |
| 45–59 | 322 | 299.4 (24.8%) | 1.45 [0.88, 2.38] | – | 1.18, 2.78]* | – |
| 30–44 | 270 | 308.2 (25.5%) | 3.57 [2.21, 5.74]** | – | 2.24, 5.31]** | – |
| 18–29 | 154 | 242.8 (20.1%) | 2.36 [1.33, 4.20]* | – | 3.25 [2.0, 5.39]** | – |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 847 | 760.9 (63.0%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 113 | 142.7 (11.8%) | 1.65 [0.95, 2.84] | 1.15 [0.42, 3.15] | 1.47 [0.86, 2.52] | 0.47, 4.21] |
| Hispanic | 150 | 199.1 (16.5%) | 0.93 [0.54, 1.60] | 0.69 [0.28, 1.71] | 0.62 [0.36, 1.06] | 0.60 [0.17, 2.14] |
| 2 + races or other, non-Hispanic | 98 | 105.3 (8.7%) | 0.66 [0.33, 1.34] | 0.81 [0.23, 2.81] | 0.30 [0.13, 0.69]* | 0.43 [0.08, 2.38] |
| Annual income | ||||||
| More than $150,000 | 285 | 240.5 (19.9%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| $100,000–149,999 | 224 | 224.7 (18.6%) | 1.51 [0.82, 2.78] | 0.69 [0.30, 1.59] | 1.63 [0.93, 2.84] | 0.38, 4.09] |
| $75,000–99,999 | 178 | 169.4 (14.0%) | 1.61 [0.85, 3.07] | 0.66 [0.24, 1.79] | 1.93 [1.09, 3.43] | 0.61 [0.16, 2.33] |
| $50,000–74,999 | 230 | 209.6 (17.4%) | 2.31 [1.29, 4.11]* | 1.04 [0.43, 2.50] | 2.13 [1.24, 3.66]* | %1.%20.31, 3.55] |
| Less than $50,000 | 291 | 363.9 (30.1%) | 2.42 [1.38, 4.23]* | 1.03 [0.44, 2.42] | 3.59 [2.20, 5.86]** | 3.41 [1.01, 11.52] |
| Education | ||||||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 426 | 379.4 (31.4%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Some college | 376 | 362.4 (30.0%) | 3.05 [1.89, 4.92]** | 1.71 [0.85, 3.46] | 3.73 [2.33, 5.98]** | 2.35 [0.94, 5.88] |
| High school degree or less | 406 | 466.2 (38.6%) | 3.23 [2.01, 5.20]** | 1.64 [0.74, 3.66] | 4.15 [2.62, 6.59]** | 2.83 [1.04, 7.66] |
| Political views | ||||||
| Very Liberal/Liberal | 248 | 256.2 (21.5%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Moderate/Middle of the Road | 445 | 446.0 (37.4%) | 1.32 [0.75, 2.30] | 0.74 [0.29, 1.90] | 2.12 [1.10, 4.07] | 1.46 [0.31, 6.93] |
| Very Conservative/ Conservative | 390 | 357.3 (30.0%) | 2.15 [1.24, 3.73]* | 0.83 [0.31, 2.27] | 4.79 [2.55, 9.00]** | 2.17 [0.43, 11.06] |
| Prefer not to answer | 111 | 131.8 (11.1%) | 2.57 [1.23, 5.37] | 0.53 [0.17, 1.65] | 7.76 [3.75, 16.07]** | 2.02 [0.37, 10.96] |
| Region of country | ||||||
| Northeast | 224 | 209.4 (17.3%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Midwest | 262 | 250.4 (20.7%) | 1.58 [0.89, 2.79] | 1.11 [0.49, 2.53] | 1.55 [0.89, 2.69] | 0.47, 4.33] |
| South | 446 | 459.8 (38.1%) | 1.17 [0.68, 2.02] | 1.02 [0.45, 2.31] | 1.72 [1.06, 2.79] | 0.58, 6.19] |
| West | 276 | 288.5 (23.9%) | 0.94 [0.51, 1.73] | 0.72 [0.29, 1.81] | 1.037 [0.59, 1.81] | 0.87 [0.24, 3.18] |
| Household member ≥ age 65 | ||||||
| Yes | 481 | 418.4 (35.0%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No | 717 | 778.6 (65.0%) | 2.50 [1.67, 3.75]** | 2.64 [1.46, 4.76]* | 2.28 [1.59, 3.26]** | 2.50 [1.17, 5.33] |
| Ever had a flu vaccine | ||||||
| Yes | 928 | 896.0 (74.3%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No | 278 | 309.2 (25.7%) | 4.48 [2.99, 6.71]** | 4.04 [2.15, 7.61]** | 7.29 [5.04, 10.54]** | 6.16 [3.00, 12.68]** |
| Health condition making COVID-19 more severe | ||||||
| Yes | 346 | 320.5 (26.5%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No | 757 | 771.3 (63.9%) | 1.13 [0.75, 1.71] | 0.79 [0.40, 1.57] | 2.30 [1.51, 3.51]** | 0.53, 3.26] |
| Not sure | 100 | 110.2 (9.1%) | 0.96 [0.48, 1.92] | 0.62 [0.21, 1.88] | 1.89 [0.95, 3.74] | 0.81 [0.21, 3.20] |
| Tested positive for COVID-19 | ||||||
| Yes | 227 | 240.7 (20.0%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No | 785 | 758.2 (63.2%) | 0.45 [0.29, 0.71]* | 0.55 [0.26, 1.14] | 0.52 [0.35, 0.77]* | 0.27, 1.82] |
| Not sure | 190 | 201.5 (16.8%) | 1.08 [0.63, 1.85] | 1.00 [0.42, 2.36] | 0.58 [0.34, 1.00] | 0.56 [0.18, 1.71] |
| View COVID-19 as a major problem in community | ||||||
| Yes | 624 | 633.2 (52.8%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No | 575 | 566.0 (47.2%) | 1.96 [1.36, 2.83]* | 1.18 [0.63, 2.20] | 4.12 [2.84, 5.98]** | 1.60 [0.70, 3.63] |
| Scale variables |
n obs |
Mean Item Score (SE) | Wait and see vs. acceptor | Non-acceptor vs. acceptor | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate Unadjusted OR [95% CI] |
Final Model Adjusted OR [95% CI] |
Bivariate Unadjusted OR [95% CI] |
Final Model Adjusted OR [95% CI] |
|||
| Perceived COVID severity | 1191 | 2.82 (0.03) | 0.63 [0.51, 0.78]** | 0.79 [0.53, 1.19] | 0.34 [0.27, 0.42]** | 0.68 [0.41, 1.14] |
| Effectiveness of behavioral strategies to protect self/others | 1201 | 3.75 (0.03) | 0.59 [0.48, 0.72]** | 1.58 [1.05, 2.37] | 0.29 [0.23, 0.37]** | 1.06 [0.98, 1.15] |
| General vaccine attitudes | 1187 | 3.90 (0.03) | 0.20 [0.14, 0.27]** | 1.00 [0.58, 1.72] | 0.07 [0.05, 0.12]** | 0.58 [0.29, 1.15] |
| COVID vaccine attitudes | 1181 | 3.41 (0.03) | 0.04 [0.02, 0.07]** | 0.05 [0.03, 0.10]** | 0.01 [0.01, 0.02]** | 0.03 [0.01, 0.08]** |
| COVID vaccine reasons | 1168 | 3.36 (0.03) | 0.32 [0.25, 0.41]** | 0.66 [0.45, 0.97]** | 0.10 [0.07, 0.15]** | 0.29 [0.18, 0.47]** |
1Referent group in italics
2Bolded values are significant at p < 0.05, *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001
3Age not included in final model