Table 1.
Demographic and statistics information (N = 5211)
| Demographic variables | % | Loneliness experience (% yes) | Loneliness intensity (M, SD) | Self-harm & suicide ideation (% yes) | Self-harm & suicide ideation intensity (M, SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | 100 | 98.0 | 14.0 (4.6) | 39.3 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| Age group | |||||
| 18–24 | 45.9 | 98.9 | 15.2 (4.4) | 50.4 | 0.7 (0.9) |
| 25–34 | 34.0 | 98.5 | 13.8 (4.4) | 39.1 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| ≥ 35 | 20.1 | 95.1 | 11.3 (3.9) | 14.2 | 0.2 (0.5) |
| Province | |||||
| Outside Java Island | 24.2 | 97.5 | 13.7 (4.5) | 36.1 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| Within Java Island | 75.8 | 98.1 | 14.0 (4.6) | 40.3 | 0.6 (0.8) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Javanese | 55.6 | 98.1 | 13.8 (4.5) | 38.5 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| Javanese | 44.4 | 97.9 | 14.1 (4.6) | 40.3 | 0.6 (0.8) |
| Educational background | |||||
| High school and lower | 45.6 | 98.6 | 14.8 (4.5) | 45.2 | 0.7 (0.9) |
| Diploma and higher | 54.4 | 97.5 | 13.2 (4.4) | 34.3 | 0.5 (0.7) |
| Job status/type | |||||
| Unemployed/student/retired | 41.1 | 98.6 | 15.3 (4.4) | 50.4 | 0.7 (0.9) |
| Freelancer | 13.9 | 98.1 | 13.8 (4.7) | 39.4 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| Private employer/blue collar/driver/domestic worker | 27.6 | 98.0 | 13.2 (4.4) | 33.4 | 0.4 (0.7) |
| Civil servants/police/military | 5.6 | 95.2 | 11.9 (4.2) | 17.9 | 0.2 (0.6) |
| Entrepreneur | 7.7 | 97.3 | 12.3 (4.1) | 25.1 | 0.4 (0.7) |
| Others | 4.1 | 96.2 | 12.7 (4.6) | 22.6 | 0.3 (0.7) |
| Average monthly income group | |||||
| Other/have no income | 9.8 | 98.8 | 15.2 (4.4) | 50.9 | 0.7 (0.9) |
| < Rp 3,000,000 (≈ USD 210) | 48.6 | 98.5 | 14.7 (4.5) | 44.9 | 0.7 (0.9) |
| Rp 3,000,000-5,999,999 (≈ USD 210–421) | 21.2 | 97.6 | 13.3 (4.4) | 34.2 | 0.4 (0.7) |
| Rp 6,000,000-8,999,999 (≈ USD 422–631) | 8.8 | 97.0 | 12.6 (4.4) | 28.6 | 0.4 (0.7) |
| Rp 9,000,000-11,999,999 (≈ USD 632–842) | 4.3 | 95.5 | 12.0 (4.0) | 26.0 | 0.3 (0.6) |
| ≥ Rp 12,000,000 (≈ USD 843) | 7.3 | 97.4 | 12.0 (4.1) | 21.5 | 0.3 (0.6) |
| Religion/belief | |||||
| Non-Islam | 29.1 | 97.9 | 13.6 (4.4) | 39.6 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| Islam | 70.9 | 98.0 | 14.1 (4.6) | 39.2 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| Sex-gender | |||||
| Male | 31.9 | 96.8 | 12.9 (4.5) | 28.6 | 0.4 (0.7) |
| Female | 67.3 | 98.5 | 14.4 (4.5) | 44.1 | 0.6 (0.8) |
| Intersex/transgender/non-binary | 0.8 | 97.7 | 14.7 (4.7) | 55.8 | 1.0 (1.0) |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Non-heterosexual | 10.4 | 99.1 | 15.3 (4.5) | 56.8 | 0.8 (0.9) |
| Heterosexual | 89.6 | 97.9 | 13.8 (4.5) | 37.2 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| HIV status | |||||
| Negative/do not know | 99.2 | 98.0 | 13.9 (4.6) | 39.1 | 0.5 (0.8) |
| Positive | 0.8 | 100 | 15.5 (4.3) | 62.8 | 0.9 (1.0) |
| Disability status | |||||
| Without disability | 77.7 | 97.5 | 13.3 (4.4) | 32.0 | 0.4 (0.7) |
| With disability | 22.3 | 99.7 | 16.4 (4.3) | 64.5 | 1.0 (1.0) |
M Mean, SD Standard Deviation