A summary of different cellulose biomasses with heteroatom-doping for the synthesis of CDs via a hydrothermal route.

Type	Starting material	Synthetic method	QY	Ref.
CDs	CMC	210 °C, 12 h	6.2%	27
N-CDs	Cellulose, urea	180 °C, 72 h	21%	28
N-CDs	CMC, urea	210 °C, 12 h	18%	29
N-CDs	CMC, EDA	270 °C, 6 h	22.9%	30
N-CDs	Microcrystalline cellulose, EDA	240 °C, 12 h	51%	31
N/Al-CDs	Durian shell cellulose, urea, Al(NO3)3	210 °C, 12 h	28.7%	32
N-CDs	Durian shell cellulose, urea	210 °C, 12 h	10.4%	32
S-CQDs	Cellulose, sulfuric acid	200 °C, 4 h	32%	33