Fig. 1. Characterizations of NDX–CCS. (a) Schematic illustration of synthetic procedure of NDX–CCS. (b) TEM image of NDX–CCS. (c) Particle size and zeta potential analysis of (1) Pu-HBSe, (2) pristine ND, (3) NDX, (4) NDX–NCS, and (5) NDX–CCS. (d) The size stability of NDX, NDX–NCS and NDX–CCS at 37 °C in PBS with 10% FBS for 7 d. (e) In vitro cumulative DOX release from NDX–CCS. (f) Hemolysis test of NDX–CCS at different concentrations (0–200 μg mL⁻¹) in PBS. The values of hydrodynamic size measured are based on intensity-mean. Data are presented as means ± SD, n = 3.