Figure 33.

Graphical overview of the SIMMS² strategy for de novo glycosaminoglycan sequencing. (a) Characteristic domain structure of heparan sulfate (HS) chains and a matching set of shorter HS oligosaccharide standards. (b) MS and tandem MS provide m/z values for intact and fragment ions, while ion mobility spectrometry allows for the determination of collision cross sections (CCSs). (c) Through comparison of unknowns with database elements, the library containing m/z values and CCSs of ions generated from known standards enables the determination of unknown HS sequences. (d) Illustration of the iterative loop process for expanding the CCS data set, enabling continuous development of the library-based SIMMS² strategy. Figure reprinted from ref (527). Copyright 2020 Miller et al. (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).