Table 4.
Univariate and multivariable logistic regression results with VAS night as outcome
| Risk factors | Univariate logistic regression | Multivariable logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| SAS | 1.579 (1.429, 1.746) | <.0001 | 1.273 (1.112, 1.457) | 0.0005 |
| SDS | 1.488 (1.372, 1.614) | <.0001 | 1.244 (1.109, 1.396) | 0.0002 |
| Chronic pain duration | ||||
| < 1 year (reference) | 1 | NA | 1 | NA |
| 1–5 years | 1.803 (1.055, 3.080) | 0.0311 | 1.069 (0.453, 2.522) | 0.8781 |
| > 5 years | 7.011 (3.781, 13.002) | <.0001 | 3.546 (1.405, 8.951) | 0.0074 |
| BMI | 1.004 (0.943, 1.068) | 0.908 | ||
| Aetiology of back pain | ||||
| Spinal stenosis | 0.924 (0.511, 1.671) | 0.7925 | ||
| Spondylolisthesis | 1.389 (0.737, 2.617) | 0.3099 | ||
| Disc herniation (reference) | 1 | NA | ||
| Preoperative pain score (VAS) | 2.962 (2.064, 4.253) | <.0001 | ||
| Age | 0.996 (0.973, 1.018) | 0.7013 | ||
| Gender (male) | 1.325 (0.844, 2.081) | 0.221 | ||
| surgery time | 1.018 (0.995, 1.041) | 0.1349 | ||
| smoking 0 | 0.707 (0.447, 1.118) | 0.1381 | ||
| Frail | 1.098 (0.814, 1.481) | 0.5404 | ||
| Operation history | 0.898 (0.676, 1.195) | 0.4615 | ||
Variables for the multivariable logistic regression included SAS, SDS, and duration of chronic low back pain
BMI Body mass index, VAS Visual analogue scale for pain, SAS Self-rating Anxiety Scale, SDS Self-rating Depression Scale, FRAIL FRAIL scale, CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio, NA Not available