Table 2.
Associations of the three aging metrics incorporating cognitive and physical function with all-cause mortality
| Aging metrics | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CHARLS | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| CI-PFa | Normal cognition & non-frailty | Ref | Ref |
| Cognitive impairment & non-frailty | 1.59 (1.29, 1.96) | 1.35 (1.08, 1.69) | |
| Normal cognition & frailty | 1.88 (1.10, 3.20) | 1.69 (0.99, 2.90) | |
| Cognitive impairment & frailty | 2.87 (1.74, 4.74) | 2.42 (1.46, 4.02) | |
| FI | Non-frail | Ref | Ref |
| Pre-frail | 1.34 (1.08, 1.66) | 1.27 (1.02, 1.57) | |
| Frail | 1.94 (1.50, 2.50) | 1.82 (1.41, 2.35) | |
| MCR | Absence | Ref | Ref |
| Presence | 1.27 (1.00, 1.62) | 1.16 (0.91, 1.47) | |
| NHANES | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| CI-PF | Normal cognition & non-frailty | Ref | Ref |
| Cognitive impairment & non-frailty | 1.39 (1.25, 1.56) | 1.39 (1.23, 1.57) | |
| Normal cognition & frailty | 3.16 (2.66, 3.76) | 3.09 (2.58, 3.69) | |
| Cognitive impairment & frailty | 2.85 (2.26, 3.60) | 2.78 (2.19, 3.54) | |
| FI | Non-frail | Ref | Ref |
| Pre-frail | 1.39 (1.21, 1.60) | 1.36 (1.18, 1.57) | |
| Frail | 2.68 (2.33, 3.10) | 2.58 (2.23, 2.98) | |
| MCR | Absence | Ref | Ref |
| Presence | 1.91 (1.58, 2.31) | 1.83 (1.51, 2.22) | |
CHARLS China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CI-PF cognitive impairment and physical frailty, FI frailty index, MCR Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome, NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, HR hazard ratio
Notes: aAs previously reported (Chen et al., 2020), significant differences in all-cause mortality between the four CI-PF groups were observed
Model 1: adjusted for age, and sex
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, education, and residence (in CHARLS) or ethnicity/race (in NHANES)