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. 2022 Apr 29;14:45. doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01050-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Identification and validation of a negative association between cancer cell stemness and ICI outcomes. A, C t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE) plot of malignant cells from SKCM or BCC. Top tSNE plots depicting the distribution of CytoTRACE scores among malignant cells. Dark-green indicates lower scores (low stemness) while dark-red indicates higher scores (high stemness). Bottom tSNE plots label the malignant cells by response phenotype. B, D raincloud plot of CytoTRACE scores by response phenotype (NR vs. TN) in SKCM cohort or by response phenotype (NR vs. R) in BCC cohort. The center of the box plot are median values, the bounds of the box are 25% and 75% quantiles (Wilcoxon test; *** P < 0.001). Abbreviation: NR, non-responders; R, responders; TN, treatment naïve patients.